Question

3 how can natural selection account for the long necks of giraffes?

4 why might a species go extinct?

Explanation:

Question 3

In natural selection, giraffes with slightly longer necks (due to genetic variation) could reach more leaves high up on trees. These giraffes had better survival and reproduction chances (higher fitness) as they got more food. Over generations, the trait of longer necks became more common as short - necked giraffes struggled to get enough food and reproduce less.

A species might go extinct due to habitat loss (e.g., deforestation), climate change (altering their suitable environment), overhunting by humans, introduction of invasive species that outcompete or prey on them, or natural disasters (like volcanic eruptions) that destroy their habitats and food sources. Also, if a species can't adapt to new diseases or changes in their ecosystem, they may die out.

Answer:

Giraffes with longer necks (from genetic variation) could access more high - up leaves for food. They survived and reproduced better (had higher fitness) than short - necked ones. Over time, the long - neck trait became dominant via natural selection.

Question 4