Question

how did portuguese commerce benefit from vasco da gamas voyage around the southern tip of africa?
it allowed goods to be purchased directly from india.
it supplied a more direct route for raw materials from the americas.
it made commerce with muslim caravans easier.
it provided access to markets for manufactured goods in china.

Explanation:

Vasco da Gama's voyage established a direct sea route from Europe to India around Africa. This allowed Portugal to bypass Muslim-controlled land trade routes and buy goods like spices directly from Indian sources, cutting out middlemen. The other options are incorrect: the route did not connect to the Americas, it reduced reliance on Muslim caravans, and it did not primarily grant access to Chinese manufactured goods markets.

Answer:

It allowed goods to be purchased directly from India.