however, listening to instrumental music without lyrics appears to have no negative effect on comprehension. so if you must listen to music while you study, it may be better to listen to classical pieces rather than the latest popular hits. even if you find an empty room and take out your headphones, studying today often means dealing with a big potential distraction in the form of smartphones and social media. in one study, students conducting three hours of homework engaged with an average of 35 distractions such as using their phone, accessing the internet for non - study purposes, or listening to music. such types of multitasking activities are usually associated with poorer studying performance. for example, one study found that students who were allowed to send text messages during a lecture had lower comprehension of its contents than those who had their phones switched off. another recent survey found that greater daily social media use is associated with an increase in academic distraction. while using other media when studying is detrimental to performance, students may not always be aware of this because they tend to overestimate their ability to multitask. for instance, one study asked participants to do either one task or two tasks at the same time. the tasks involved judging whether spoken statements are correct and counting the shapes of visual objects. although teenagers and young adults reported strong certitude in their ability to multitask, their actual performance was almost always worse compared to when they were doing just one task. question 22: what structure does the author utilize to convey information about distractions? a. he describes his own experiences completing a task while distracted. b. he summarizes studies on how distractions affect performance on tasks. c. he interviews students on their experiences studying while listening to music. d. he conducts his own experiments on how distractions affect performance on a task.

Question

however, listening to instrumental music without lyrics appears to have no negative effect on comprehension. so if you must listen to music while you study, it may be better to listen to classical pieces rather than the latest popular hits. even if you find an empty room and take out your headphones, studying today often means dealing with a big potential distraction in the form of smartphones and social media. in one study, students conducting three hours of homework engaged with an average of 35 distractions such as using their phone, accessing the internet for non - study purposes, or listening to music. such types of multitasking activities are usually associated with poorer studying performance. for example, one study found that students who were allowed to send text messages during a lecture had lower comprehension of its contents than those who had their phones switched off. another recent survey found that greater daily social media use is associated with an increase in academic distraction. while using other media when studying is detrimental to performance, students may not always be aware of this because they tend to overestimate their ability to multitask. for instance, one study asked participants to do either one task or two tasks at the same time. the tasks involved judging whether spoken statements are correct and counting the shapes of visual objects. although teenagers and young adults reported strong certitude in their ability to multitask, their actual performance was almost always worse compared to when they were doing just one task. question 22: what structure does the author utilize to convey information about distractions? a. he describes his own experiences completing a task while distracted. b. he summarizes studies on how distractions affect performance on tasks. c. he interviews students on their experiences studying while listening to music. d. he conducts his own experiments on how distractions affect performance on a task.

Accepted Answer

# Brief Explanations:
The author uses various studies (like students being allowed to text during a lecture, and a survey on social - media use) to show how distractions affect performance. These are examples and summaries of research findings related to distractions and task - performance.
# Answer:
B. He summarizes studies on how distractions affect performance on tasks.

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