Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a. self - actualization attributes
b. the fight - or - flight response
c. attributional deficits
d. cognitive dissonance
e. learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Self-actualization refers to pursuing one's full potential, not inaction due to perceived unavoidable harm.
• Fight-or-flight is a stress response of confronting or escaping a threat, not passive acceptance.
• Attributional deficits involve issues with assigning causes to events, not this specific passive behavior.
• Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort of conflicting beliefs, not inaction from perceived inevitability.
• Learned helplessness is exactly the condition where individuals stop trying to change a situation after repeatedly experiencing that their actions have no effect, leading them to believe unpleasant events are unavoidable.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness