Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a. self - actualization attributes
b. the fight - or - flight response
c. attributional deficits
d. cognitive dissonance
e. learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Self-actualization refers to achieving one's full potential, which does not match the described behavior.
• Fight-or-flight is a stress response of confronting or escaping a threat, not inaction due to perceived inevitability.
• Attributional deficits involve issues with assigning causes to events, not the passive acceptance described.
• Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort of conflicting beliefs/behavior, not related to unavoidable negative experiences.
• Learned helplessness is exactly the state where individuals stop trying to change a situation after repeated exposure to unavoidable negative events, believing they have no control.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness