key concept genes encode proteins that produce a diverse range of traits. vocabulary gene heterozygous phenotype allele genome dominant homozygous genotype recessive main idea: the same gene can have many versions. circle the word or phrase that best completes the statement. 1. there is a relationship between genes and proteins: a gene / protein provides instructions for a cell to make a certain gene / protein. 2. an allele is any of the alternative forms of a gene / genome that may occur at a specific locus / trait. 3. if a pair of alleles is the same, they are called heterozygous / homozygous. if a pair of alleles is different, they are called heterozygous / homozygous. 4. homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes (one from the mother and one from the father) that have the same length, overall appearance, and alleles / genes, although the alleles / genes may differ. 5. in the space below, draw a pair of homologous chromosomes. on the chromosomes, draw and label one set of genes with homozygous alleles (gene a, gene a). draw and label another set of genes with heterozygous alleles (gene b, gene b).

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Accepted Answer

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
An allele is defined as an alternative form of a gene that can occur at a specific locus. A genome is the entire set of genetic material of an organism, so it's not the correct term here. A trait is the observable characteristic, not the form of a gene. So the correct word to circle is "gene" and "locus".
# Answer:
An allele is any of the alternative forms of a $\boldsymbol{\text{gene}}$ that may occur at a specific $\boldsymbol{\text{locus}}$.

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa), while heterozygous means having two different alleles (e.g., Aa). So when the pair of alleles is the same, it's homozygous; when different, it's heterozygous.
# Answer:
If a pair of alleles is the same, they are called $\boldsymbol{\text{homozygous}}$. If a pair of alleles is different, they are called $\boldsymbol{\text{heterozygous}}$.

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Homologous chromosomes have the same genes (controlling the same traits) at the same loci, but the alleles (versions of the gene) may differ. So the first blank (about what they have the same of) is "genes", and the second blank (about what may differ) is "alleles".
# Answer:
Homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes (one from the mother and one from the father) that have the same length, overall appearance, and $\boldsymbol{\text{genes}}$, although the $\boldsymbol{\text{alleles}}$ may differ.

### Question 5 (Explanation for drawing)
# Brief Explanations:
1. Draw two chromosomes (one slightly shaded or labeled as maternal, one as paternal) of the same length and similar appearance.
2. For homozygous alleles (Gene A, Gene A): On a specific locus (position) on both chromosomes, draw and label "Gene A" (so both have the same allele).
3. For heterozygous alleles (Gene B, Gene b): On another locus, label one chromosome "Gene B" and the other "Gene b" (different alleles at the same gene locus).
# Answer:
(Visual description of the drawing:
- Two chromosomes (maternal and paternal) with same length/shape.
- Locus 1: Both chromosomes have "Gene A" (homozygous).
- Locus 2: One chromosome has "Gene B", the other "Gene b" (heterozygous).)

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