Question

the lagos-kano standard gauge railway is central to nigerias plan to boost domestic and regional commerce. nigeria ____ notable strides in upgrading its rail infrastructure since launching its modernization initiative in 2016; the project has improved freight efficiency and cut travel times, fostering stronger economic links across the country.
21
mark for review
which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of standard english?
a made
b has made
c would make
d had made

Explanation:

To determine the correct verb tense, we analyze the context. The phrase "since launching its modernization initiative in 2016" indicates an action that started in the past and continues to the present or has a present - relevant result. The present perfect tense ("has made") is used for such actions. "Made" is simple past, "would make" is conditional, and "had made" is past perfect (used for actions before another past action), so they don't fit.

Answer:

B. has made