Question

manuel is sure that all dogs are vicious and will bite him if given the opportunity. when out walking with his wife, he is always sure to point out the dogs that seem angry or aggressive, but his wife notices that he conveniently \misses\ the dogs who seem calm and friendly. this tendency of manuels reflects which of the following?

confirmation bias

the use of heuristics

self - serving bias

amiable skepticism

question 12 (2.5 points)

marwan has been relatively shy his whole life, and he is not sure what underlies this trait. marwan might find some answers by examining the subfield called

psychology.

health

cultural

social - personality

clinical

Explanation:

First Question (Manuel's Tendency)

• Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek, interpret, or recall information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs. Manuel believes all dogs are vicious, so he notices aggressive dogs (confirming his belief) and ignores calm ones (which would disconfirm it).
• Heuristics are mental shortcuts, not relevant here. Self - serving bias is about attributing outcomes to self/others, not belief confirmation. Amiable skepticism is open - minded questioning, not ignoring contrary evidence.

• Social - personality psychology focuses on personality traits (like shyness) and social factors that influence them. Health psychology is about health - related behaviors. Cultural psychology is about cultural influences. Clinical psychology is about treating mental disorders, not trait exploration. Marwan's shyness is a personality trait, so social - personality psychology is relevant.

Answer:

A. confirmation bias

Second Question (Marwan's Shyness)