Question

4 mark for review a student carries out a genetics experiment with fruit flies to investigate the inheritance pattern of the white eye trait. the student crosses a homozygous white - eyed female with a wild - type male and records observations about the flies in the f₁ generation. the student plans to use the f₁ data to perform a chi - square goodness - of - fit test for a model based on an x - linked recessive pattern of inheritance. the student will use one degree of freedom and a significance level of p = 0.05. the setup for the student’s chi - square goodness - of - fit test is presented in table 1. table 1. setup for the student’s chi - square goodness - of - fit test

phenotype	observed	expected
white - eyed male	47	50

the student calculates a chi - square value of 0.36. which of the following statements best completes the student’s chi - square goodness - of - fit test?

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze the chi - square goodness - of - fit test:

Step 1: Recall the chi - square critical value

For a chi - square test with 1 degree of freedom and a significance level of \(p = 0.05\), we refer to the chi - square distribution table. The critical value for \(df=1\) and \(\alpha = 0.05\) is \(3.841\).

Step 2: Compare the calculated and critical values

The student calculated a chi - square value of \(0.36\). Since \(0.36<3.841\) (the critical value), we fail to reject the null hypothesis. In the context of a goodness - of - fit test for an X - linked recessive inheritance pattern, this means that the observed data is consistent with the model of X - linked recessive inheritance.

If we were to complete the statement, it would be something like: "Since the calculated chi - square value (\(0.36\)) is less than the critical value (\(3.841\)) for a significance level of \(p = 0.05\) and 1 degree of freedom, we fail to reject the null hypothesis, and thus the data is consistent with the model of X - linked recessive inheritance for the white - eye trait in fruit flies."

(Note: Since the original question was cut off, but based on the provided information, this is the analysis of the chi - square test part. If there were multiple - choice options, we would choose the option that states that we fail to reject the null hypothesis and that the data fits the X - linked recessive model, for example, an option like "The chi - square value is less than the critical value, so we fail to reject the null hypothesis, and the data is consistent with the X - linked recessive inheritance model".)

Answer:

To solve this, we analyze the chi - square goodness - of - fit test:

Step 1: Recall the chi - square critical value

For a chi - square test with 1 degree of freedom and a significance level of \(p = 0.05\), we refer to the chi - square distribution table. The critical value for \(df=1\) and \(\alpha = 0.05\) is \(3.841\).

Step 2: Compare the calculated and critical values

The student calculated a chi - square value of \(0.36\). Since \(0.36<3.841\) (the critical value), we fail to reject the null hypothesis. In the context of a goodness - of - fit test for an X - linked recessive inheritance pattern, this means that the observed data is consistent with the model of X - linked recessive inheritance.

If we were to complete the statement, it would be something like: "Since the calculated chi - square value (\(0.36\)) is less than the critical value (\(3.841\)) for a significance level of \(p = 0.05\) and 1 degree of freedom, we fail to reject the null hypothesis, and thus the data is consistent with the model of X - linked recessive inheritance for the white - eye trait in fruit flies."

(Note: Since the original question was cut off, but based on the provided information, this is the analysis of the chi - square test part. If there were multiple - choice options, we would choose the option that states that we fail to reject the null hypothesis and that the data fits the X - linked recessive model, for example, an option like "The chi - square value is less than the critical value, so we fail to reject the null hypothesis, and the data is consistent with the X - linked recessive inheritance model".)