Question

as mentioned in the text, an argument can have a true conclusion yet be invalid. in these exercises, each argument has a true conclusion. identify the argument as valid or invalid. wellville is south of springfield. wellville is south of deming. springfield is south of deming. select the correct choice below. a. the argument is valid because the premises force the conclusion \springfield is south of deming.\ to be true. b. the argument is invalid because \springfield is south of deming.\ is false. c. the argument is valid because all cities that are south of springfield are south of deming. d. the argument is invalid because, based on the given premises, springfield is not necessarily a member of cities that are south of deming.

Explanation:

Just because Wellville is south of Springfield and Wellville is south of Deming, it doesn't logically follow that Springfield is south of Deming. The premises do not force the conclusion to be true.

Answer:

D. The argument is invalid because, based on the given premises, Springfield is not necessarily a member of cities that are south of Deming.