1 movement in space
1. planets appear to move in the sky against the backdrop of
a. other planets.
b. the sun.
c. the stars.
d. the moon.
2. what object is at the center of the geocentric model?
a. earth
b. the moon
c. the sun
d. a star
3. what discovery by galileo supported the heliocentric model?
a. the phases of venus
b. the elliptical orbits of planets
c. the moon’s orbiting of earth
d. the movement of planets in the night sky
4. objects in the sky appear to move due to earth’s ______________ and ______________.
5. ccc cause and effect why do stars appear to move from east to west in the night sky?

6. ccc patterns the constellation hercules is visible in the sky in september. why isn’t hercules visible in the sky in march?

2 in space
7. the imaginary line that runs through earth’s poles is its
a. axis.
b. orbit.
c. revolution.
d. rotation.
8. which of the following is responsible for the cyclic pattern of day and night on earth?
a. the tilt of earth’s axis
b. the rotation of earth on its axis
c. earth’s revolution around the sun
d. the revolution of the moon around earth
9. earth has seasons because
a. its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun.
b. it rotates on its axis as it revolves.
c. the moon exerts a gravitational force on it.
d. the relative positions of earth, the sun, and the moon do not change.
10. the two times of the year in which the sun is directly overhead at the equator are the ______________ and the ______________.
11. ccc patterns how does the distance between two objects affect the force of gravity between them?

12. ccc systems why is it generally warmer in the northern hemisphere in june than it is in december?

Question

1 movement in space
1. planets appear to move in the sky against the backdrop of
a. other planets.
b. the sun.
c. the stars.
d. the moon.
2. what object is at the center of the geocentric model?
a. earth
b. the moon
c. the sun
d. a star
3. what discovery by galileo supported the heliocentric model?
a. the phases of venus
b. the elliptical orbits of planets
c. the moon’s orbiting of earth
d. the movement of planets in the night sky
4. objects in the sky appear to move due to earth’s ______________ and ______________.
5. ccc cause and effect why do stars appear to move from east to west in the night sky?

6. ccc patterns the constellation hercules is visible in the sky in september. why isn’t hercules visible in the sky in march?

2 in space
7. the imaginary line that runs through earth’s poles is its
a. axis.
b. orbit.
c. revolution.
d. rotation.
8. which of the following is responsible for the cyclic pattern of day and night on earth?
a. the tilt of earth’s axis
b. the rotation of earth on its axis
c. earth’s revolution around the sun
d. the revolution of the moon around earth
9. earth has seasons because
a. its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun.
b. it rotates on its axis as it revolves.
c. the moon exerts a gravitational force on it.
d. the relative positions of earth, the sun, and the moon do not change.
10. the two times of the year in which the sun is directly overhead at the equator are the ______________ and the ______________.
11. ccc patterns how does the distance between two objects affect the force of gravity between them?

12. ccc systems why is it generally warmer in the northern hemisphere in june than it is in december?

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
Planets' apparent motion is against the backdrop of stars. Other planets, the sun, or the moon don't form the fixed backdrop for planet motion as stars do.
# Answer:
C. the stars

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
The geocentric model places Earth at the center of the universe. The moon, sun, or a star are not the center in this model.
# Answer:
A. Earth

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Galileo's observation of Venus's phases supported the heliocentric model (sun - centered), as it showed Venus orbits the sun. Elliptical orbits, moon's orbit, or planet movement in the night sky didn't directly support heliocentrism like Venus's phases.
# Answer:
A. the phases of Venus

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Objects in the sky appear to move due to Earth's rotation (causes daily motion) and revolution (causes annual motion, like constellation changes).
# Answer:
rotation; revolution

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Stars appear to move east - to - west because Earth rotates on its axis from west to east. So, from Earth's perspective, stars seem to move in the opposite direction.
# Answer:
Stars appear to move from east to west in the night sky because Earth rotates on its axis from west to east. As Earth spins, the apparent position of stars changes, making them seem to move across the sky in the opposite direction of Earth's rotation.

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Hercules is not visible in March because Earth has revolved around the sun. The position of Earth in its orbit in March is different from September, so the night - sky view of constellations changes due to Earth's revolution.
# Answer:
The constellation Hercules is not visible in March because Earth revolves around the sun. Between September and March, Earth has moved to a different position in its orbit around the sun, so the night sky we observe (including the visible constellations) changes. In September, our line of sight allows us to see Hercules, but in March, our position in the orbit means Hercules is no longer in our visible night - sky region.

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The imaginary line through Earth's poles is its axis. Orbit is the path of revolution, revolution is the movement around the sun, and rotation is the spinning on the axis (but the line itself is the axis).
# Answer:
A. axis

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
The rotation of Earth on its axis causes the cycle of day and night. The tilt of the axis affects seasons, revolution around the sun causes annual changes, and the moon's revolution affects tides, not day - night cycle.
# Answer:
B. the rotation of Earth on its axis

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun. Rotation causes day - night, the moon's gravity causes tides, and relative positions changing is not the reason for seasons.
# Answer:
A. Its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun.

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
The two times the sun is directly overhead at the equator are the spring equinox and the fall equinox (vernal equinox and autumnal equinox).
# Answer:
vernal equinox (spring equinox); autumnal equinox (fall equinox)

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers ($F = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}$). So, as the distance ($r$) increases, the gravitational force decreases, and as distance decreases, the force increases.
# Answer:
According to the law of universal gravitation ($F = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2}$), the gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance ($r$) between them. If the distance between two objects increases, the gravitational force between them decreases. If the distance decreases, the gravitational force increases.

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
In June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. This leads to more direct sunlight, longer days, and more solar energy absorption, making it warmer. In December, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, so sunlight is less direct and days are shorter, making it colder.
# Answer:
It is generally warmer in the Northern Hemisphere in June than in December because the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun in June. This tilt results in more direct sunlight, longer daylight hours, and thus more solar energy being received, which increases the temperature. In December, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, resulting in less direct sunlight, shorter days, and lower temperatures.

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