ms. west notices that students who study do well on tests. she wonders if the amount of time studying for a test is related to test scores. she hypothesizes that students who study longer get better test scores. in order to test her hypothesis, she conducts the following experiment:
a. select 4 students who have the same iq
b. prepare a 20-question science test to give to each student.
c. provide all students with the same learning experiences.
d. provide all students with the same study materials.
e. assign student #1 to not study at all for the test. assign student #2 to study for 15 minutes. assign student #3 to study for 30 minutes. assign student #4 to study for 60 minutes.
f. grade the test and record results.

the table shows the data gathered.

| student | daily time spent studying | score on test |
|---------|---------------------------|---------------|
| 1 | 0 minutes | 65% |
| 2 | 15 minutes | 75% |
| 3 | 30 minutes | 90% |
| 4 | 60 minutes | 100% |

1. in this experiment, what is the independent variable?
2. what is the dependent variable?
3. list 3 control variables.
4. create a line graph displaying the results. make sure to:
- create an appropriate title and axis labels
- place the independent variable on the x-axis and the dependent variable on the y-axis
- calculate a reasonable scale for each axis
5. the results show the independent and dependent variables have what type of relationship?
circle one answer: direct relationship inverse relationship no relationship
6. in a complete sentence, write a conclusion ms. west can draw after analyzing her results.
7. looking at the experiment design and results, list at least one “next step” related to the experiment.

Question

ms. west notices that students who study do well on tests. she wonders if the amount of time studying for a test is related to test scores. she hypothesizes that students who study longer get better test scores. in order to test her hypothesis, she conducts the following experiment:
a. select 4 students who have the same iq
b. prepare a 20-question science test to give to each student.
c. provide all students with the same learning experiences.
d. provide all students with the same study materials.
e. assign student #1 to not study at all for the test. assign student #2 to study for 15 minutes. assign student #3 to study for 30 minutes. assign student #4 to study for 60 minutes.
f. grade the test and record results.

the table shows the data gathered.

| student | daily time spent studying | score on test |
|---------|---------------------------|---------------|
| 1       | 0 minutes                 | 65%           |
| 2       | 15 minutes                | 75%           |
| 3       | 30 minutes                | 90%           |
| 4       | 60 minutes                | 100%          |

1. in this experiment, what is the independent variable?
2. what is the dependent variable?
3. list 3 control variables.
4. create a line graph displaying the results. make sure to:
   - create an appropriate title and axis labels
   - place the independent variable on the x-axis and the dependent variable on the y-axis
   - calculate a reasonable scale for each axis
5. the results show the independent and dependent variables have what type of relationship?
   circle one answer: direct relationship  inverse relationship  no relationship
6. in a complete sentence, write a conclusion ms. west can draw after analyzing her results.
7. looking at the experiment design and results, list at least one “next step” related to the experiment.

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated in an experiment. Here, the time students spend studying (daily time spent studying) is what's changed (assigned different times: 0, 15, 30, 60 minutes) to see its effect on test scores.
# Answer:
Daily Time Spent Studying (or the amount of time students spend studying)

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
The dependent variable is the factor that is measured and depends on the independent variable. Here, the test score is what's being measured to see how it's affected by study time.
# Answer:
Score on Test (or the test scores of the students)

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Control variables are factors kept constant to ensure a fair test. From the experiment, we see that students have the same IQ (step a), same 20 - question science test (step b), same learning experiences (step c), and same study materials (step d). We can list three of these.
# Answer:
1. Same IQ (of students)
2. Same science test (20 - question, given to each student)
3. Same learning experiences (for all students) (or same study materials)

### Question 4
(Note: Since we can't draw a graph here, we'll describe how to create it)
# Brief Explanations:
- **Title**: "Relationship between Daily Study Time and Test Score"
- **X - axis (Independent Variable)**: Label as "Daily Time Spent Studying (minutes)". The scale can be from 0 to 70 minutes with intervals of 15 minutes (0, 15, 30, 60).
- **Y - axis (Dependent Variable)**: Label as "Score on Test (%)". The scale can be from 60% to 100% with intervals of 5% (60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100).
- **Plot Points**: For (0, 65), (15, 75), (30, 90), (60, 100) and connect them with a line.
# Answer:
(Graph description as above. To draw the graph, follow the steps for title, axis labels, scale, and plotting points and connecting them.)

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
A direct relationship means as one variable increases, the other also increases. Here, as daily study time (independent variable) increases (0→15→30→60 minutes), the test score (dependent variable) also increases (65%→75%→90%→100%). An inverse relationship would be one increasing while the other decreases, and no relationship would mean no pattern. So it's a direct relationship.
# Answer:
direct relationship (Circle this option)

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
We analyze the data: as study time increases, test scores increase. So we can conclude that for these students with the same IQ, learning experiences, and study materials, the more time spent studying for the science test, the higher the test score.
# Answer:
For the students in this experiment (with the same IQ, learning experiences, and study materials), there is a direct relationship between the amount of daily time spent studying and the score on the science test, meaning that as study time increases, test scores tend to increase.

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
To improve the experiment or explore further, we can consider expanding the sample size (more students), testing different subjects (not just science), testing different IQ levels, or testing different study materials. For example, using more students would make the results more generalizable.
# Answer:
One next step could be to repeat the experiment with a larger number of students (e.g., 20 or more) to see if the relationship between study time and test score holds, which would make the results more representative of a larger population. (Or other steps like testing with different subjects, different IQ groups, etc.)

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