Question

the muscle of resistance: anthony, gandhi, and mandela. read the following essay. then answer the question(s).
(1) history tells of many wars fought with weapons. what some leaders have discovered, however, is that violence is not the only way to fight for something. nonviolent protest and resistance are powerful ways to pursue change, and they have a long history of success.
(2) the fight for womens right to vote is one example. up until 1920, women in the united states were not allowed to vote. it took years of struggle to win the right. elizabeth cady stanton and susan b. anthony were two early leaders in the movement for womens rights. in 1872, anthony organized a group of women to test the laws about voting. after casting a ballot on november 5, 1872, she was arrested for illegal voting. her trial helped publicize the issue of womens suffrage. later leaders of the movement extended the use of nonviolent tactics. in 1917, a group led by alice paul organized a picket, or demonstration, outside the white house. paul and others were imprisoned for their actions. shortly afterwards, however, women received the right to vote.
(3) mohandas gandhi was another leader who fought peacefully for justice. gandhi was from india. he began as a mediocre student who did not have a lot of self - confidence. after becoming a lawyer, he went to south africa, where he encountered discrimination against people from india. one unfair law required indians to be fingerprinted and to carry their registration documents at all times. gandhi helped organize the indians. once prone to stage fright, gandhi now showed himself to be an energetic leader. the indians resolved to protest the identity law by refusing to obey it. they also agreed to accept the consequences - even if the consequences included imprisonment. this form of protest and the philosophy gandhi developed around it were named satyagraha, meaning \force of truth\ or \holding onto truth\.
(4) after 20 years, gandhi went back to india, where he applied his ideas of satyagraha in protesting unfair british laws. at the time britain had control of india. according to british law, indians had to buy and use only salt made by britain. in protest, gandhi organized the salt march. at the end of the 12 - mile march, gandhi picked up a small piece of sea salt, breaking the law. as a result, indians began to make their own salt from sea salt and planned a march on a salt factory. police officers beat the protesters, who did not fight back. finally, a government official met with gandhi and agreed that indians could make their own salt.
(5) in south africa, nelson mandela used nonviolent resistance to eliminate apartheid. apartheid was a system of unfair laws that segregated races and gave more rights to white people than to others. mandela studied gandhis methods. he organized and led groups that protested unfair treatment by the government. he was soon arrested and imprisoned.
(6) mandela remained in prison for 27 years. while in prison, he used nonviolent methods to improve conditions and protect the dignity of the prisoners. several times, mandela was offered freedom if he would give up some of his demands. he refused. finally, in 1990, he was released. only two years later, he became the first democratically elected south african president.
which of the following sentences could most logically be added to the essay to support its central ideas? choose all that apply.
a. war often has tragic consequences for individuals.
b. gandhis protests helped lead to indias independence from britain.
c. nonviolent protest helped african americans in the struggle for civil rights.
d. in the 1960s, protests against the government sometimes turned violent.
e. human rights groups monitor prison conditions for political prisoners.

Explanation:

The essay's central idea is that non - violent protest and resistance are powerful ways to pursue change, with examples of Anthony, Gandhi, and Mandela. Option B provides an example of Gandhi's non - violent protests leading to India's independence, supporting the central idea. Option C shows non - violent protest helping African Americans in the civil rights struggle, also in line with the central idea. Options A, D, and E do not directly relate to the success of non - violent protest and resistance.

Answer:

B. Gandhi's protests helped lead to India's independence from Britain
C. Nonviolent protest helped African Americans in the struggle for civil rights