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mutated dna sequence #3: t a c a c c t t a g c g a c g a c t whats the …

Question

mutated dna sequence #3: t a c a c c t t a g c g a c g a c t
whats the mrna sequence? (circle the change) ____
what will be the amino acid sequence? ____
will there likely be effects? ____
what kind of mutation is this (frameshift, missense, silent, nonsense)?
mutated dna sequence #4: t a c a c c t t g g c g a c t a c t
whats the mrna sequence? (circle the change) ____
what will be the amino acid sequence? ____
will there likely be effects? ____
what kind of mutation is this (frameshift, missense, silent, nonsense)?
mutated dna sequence #5: t a c a c c t t g g g a c g a c t
what will be the corresponding mrna sequence? ____
what will be the amino acid sequence? ____
will there likely be effects? ____
what kind of mutation is this (frameshift, missense, silent, nonsense)?
additional questions:

  1. name one amino acid that has more than one codon.
  2. name one amino acid that only has one codon.
  3. given the following three mrna sequences, 2 code for the same protein. which two?

#1. agu uua gca acg aga uca
#2 ucg cua gcg acc agu uca
#3 agc cuc gcc acu cgu agu

  1. which type of mutation is responsible for new variations (alleles) of a trait?

Explanation:

Response
Mutated DNA Sequence #3
Step 1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA

DNA: T A C A C C T T A G C G A C G A C T
mRNA (replace T with U): A U G U G G A A U C G C U G C U G A

Step 2: Translate mRNA to Amino Acids

Codons: AUG (Met), UGG (Trp), AAU (Asn), CGC (Arg), UGC (Cys), UGA (Stop)
Amino acid sequence: Met - Trp - Asn - Arg - Cys - Stop

Step 3: Determine Mutation Type and Effects

Original DNA (assuming) vs. mutated: Let’s assume original had a different base (e.g., insertion/deletion? Wait, the sequence here—wait, maybe a point mutation? Wait, the mutated sequence #3: Let's check. Wait, maybe a frameshift? Wait, no, let's re - check. Wait, maybe the original was different. Wait, perhaps a missense? No, UGA is stop. Wait, maybe a nonsense? Wait, no. Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Wait, let's re - do. Wait, DNA to mRNA: T→U, A→U? No, DNA to mRNA: A - U, T - A, C - G, G - C. So DNA T A C A C C T T A G C G A C G A C T. So mRNA: A U G U G G A A U C G C U G C U G A. Amino acids: AUG (Met), UGG (Trp), AAU (Asn), CGC (Arg), UGC (Cys), UGA (Stop). If original had a different codon, but here, maybe a nonsense? No. Wait, maybe the mutation is a frameshift? Wait, no, the sequence length. Wait, maybe the user's original DNA was different. Alternatively, maybe a silent? No. Wait, perhaps the mutation is a nonsense? No. Wait, maybe I messed up. Let's proceed.

Mutated DNA Sequence #4
Step 1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA

DNA: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C T A C T
mRNA: A U G U G G A A C C G C U G A U G A

Step 2: Translate mRNA to Amino Acids

Codons: AUG (Met), UGG (Trp), AAC (Asn), CGC (Arg), UGA (Stop), UGA (Stop)
Amino acid sequence: Met - Trp - Asn - Arg - Stop - Stop

Step 3: Determine Mutation Type and Effects

Mutation type: Nonsense (early stop codon UGA introduced). Likely effects: Yes, truncated protein.

Mutated DNA Sequence #5
Step 1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA

DNA: T A C A C C T T G G G A C G A C T
mRNA: A U G U G G A A C C C U G C U G A

Step 2: Translate mRNA to Amino Acids

Codons: AUG (Met), UGG (Trp), AAC (Asn), CCU (Pro), GCU (Ala), UGA (Stop)
Amino acid sequence: Met - Trp - Asn - Pro - Ala - Stop

Step 3: Determine Mutation Type and Effects

Mutation type: Missense (codon changed, amino acid changed). Likely effects: Yes, protein structure/function may change.

Additional Questions
  1. Amino acid with multiple codons: Serine (Ser) has codons UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, AGC.
  2. Amino acid with one codon: Tryptophan (Trp) has only UGG; Methionine (Met) has AUG (but AUG is also start, so Trp is only UGG). Wait, Methionine: AUG is start and Met, but is there only one? Wait, Trp: UGG only. So Trp.
  3. Which two mRNA code for same protein?
  • #1: AGU (Ser), UUA (Leu), GCA (Ala), ACG (Thr), AGA (Arg), UCA (Ser)
  • #2: UCG (Ser), CUA (Leu), GCG (Ala), ACC (Thr), AGU (Ser), UCA (Ser)
  • #3: AGC (Ser), CUC (Leu), GCC (Ala), ACU (Thr), CGU (Arg), AGU (Ser)

Wait, no, let's re - translate:
#1: AGU (Ser), UUA (Leu), GCA (Ala), ACG (Thr), AGA (Arg), UCA (Ser)
#2: UCG (Ser), CUA (Leu), GCG (Ala), ACC (Thr), AGU (Ser), UCA (Ser)
#3: AGC (Ser), CUC (Leu), GCC (Ala), ACU (Thr), CGU (Arg), AGU (Ser)
Wait, maybe #1 and #3? No, #1: Leu (UUA), #3: Leu (CUC) – different. Wait, #2 and #3? No. Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Wait, Ser: AGU, UCG, AGC are Ser. Leu: UUA, CUA, CUC are Leu. Ala: GCA, GCG, GCC are Ala. Thr: ACG, ACC, ACU are Thr. Arg: AGA, AGU? No, AGA is Arg, CGU is Arg. Wait, #1: Ser, Leu, Ala, Thr, Arg, Ser. #3: Ser, Leu, Ala, Thr, Arg, Ser. Oh! Wait, #1: AGU (Ser), UUA (Leu), GCA (…

Answer:

s

Mutated DNA Sequence #3
  • mRNA: AUG UGG AAU CGC UGC UGA
  • Amino acid sequence: Met - Trp - Asn - Arg - Cys - Stop
  • Effects: Likely (due to stop codon, truncated protein)
  • Mutation type: Nonsense (assuming UGA is a new stop codon)
Mutated DNA Sequence #4
  • mRNA: AUG UGG AAC CGC UGA UGA
  • Amino acid sequence: Met - Trp - Asn - Arg - Stop - Stop
  • Effects: Likely (truncated protein)
  • Mutation type: Nonsense (early stop codons)
Mutated DNA Sequence #5
  • mRNA: AUG UGG AAC CCU GCU GA (Wait, no, DNA: T A C A C C T T G G G A C G A C T → mRNA: A U G U G G A A C C C U G C U G A)
  • Amino acid sequence: Met - Trp - Asn - Pro - Ala - Stop
  • Effects: Likely (amino acid change)
  • Mutation type: Missense
Additional Questions
  1. Amino acid with multiple codons: Serine (Ser) (e.g., UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU, AGC)
  2. Amino acid with one codon: Tryptophan (Trp) (only UGG)
  3. mRNA sequences #1 and #3 code for the same protein.
  4. Missense mutation (or frameshift) is responsible for new alleles (missense changes one amino acid, creating new protein variants; frameshift creates major changes).