Question

1. name the \five civilized tribes\ and describe how they were affected by the indian removal act.
2. what was manifest destiny, and what were the main motivations behind westward expansion?
3. describe the territorial acquisitions made by the united states during the era of manifest destiny.
4. what were the causes and consequences of the mexican - american war?
5. how did the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo affect the size and boundaries of the united states?
6. what is sectionalism, and how did economic differences between the north and south contribute to it?
7. describe the social hierarchy in the south and the role slavery played in it.

Explanation:

1. The "Five Civilized Tribes" were the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole. The Indian Removal Act forced them to leave their ancestral lands in the Southeast for Indian - occupied territory west of the Mississippi River, causing great suffering and loss of life during the forced migrations like the Trail of Tears.
2. Manifest Destiny was the 19th - century belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent. Motivations included a desire for more land for agriculture and settlement, access to new markets, and the spread of American values and institutions.
3. During the era of Manifest Destiny, the US acquired the Louisiana Purchase (from France), Florida (from Spain), Texas (after its independence from Mexico and subsequent annexation), the Oregon Territory (through a treaty with Britain), and the Southwest (from Mexico after the Mexican - American War).
4. Causes of the Mexican - American War included the annexation of Texas (which Mexico still considered its territory), disputes over the Texas - Mexico border, and American expansionist desires. Consequences were that the US gained a large amount of territory from Mexico, including present - day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma; and it increased sectional tensions in the US over the issue of slavery in the new territories.
5. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican - American War. As a result, the United States gained about 525,000 square miles of territory from Mexico, including present - day California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming, greatly expanding its size and defining new southwestern boundaries.
6. Sectionalism is loyalty to one's own region or section of the country rather than to the nation as a whole. Economic differences between the North (industrial with a focus on manufacturing and trade) and the South (agricultural with a reliance on slave - based plantation agriculture) contributed to sectionalism by creating different economic interests and social structures, leading to disputes over issues like tariffs, internal improvements, and the expansion of slavery.
7. In the South, the social hierarchy had plantation owners at the top, followed by small - farmers, then poor whites, and enslaved Africans at the bottom. Slavery was the foundation of the Southern economy, providing the labor force for large - scale agriculture, and it also shaped the social and political structure, with slaveholders having significant power and influence.

Answer:

1. The "Five Civilized Tribes" are the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole. The Indian Removal Act forced them from their ancestral lands in the Southeast to Indian - occupied territory west of the Mississippi River, causing great suffering.
2. Manifest Destiny was the 19th - century belief in the US's destined expansion across North America. Motivations included land for agriculture, new markets, and the spread of American values.
3. Acquisitions included the Louisiana Purchase, Florida, Texas, the Oregon Territory, and the Southwest from Mexico.
4. Causes: Annexation of Texas, border disputes, expansionist desires. Consequences: US gained territory from Mexico and increased sectional tensions.
5. The US gained about 525,000 square miles of territory from Mexico, greatly expanding its size and defining new southwestern boundaries.
6. Sectionalism is loyalty to one's region. Economic differences between the North (industrial) and South (agricultural, slave - based) contributed to it by creating different interests.
7. In the South, plantation owners were at the top, followed by small - farmers, poor whites, and enslaved Africans at the bottom. Slavery was the foundation of the Southern economy and shaped its social and political structure.