Question

part a

1. in paragraph 9, how does the information about simon mariuss observations refine the authors claims about galileos relationship with other astronomers?

a it shows how galileo used his power and influence in the court to silence his competition.
b it provides an example of an important scientist whose discoveries were overshadowed by galileos.
c it suggests that less talented scientists sought attention by stealing galileos ideas.
d it illustrates how galileo collaborated with other prominent scientists on groundbreaking scientific research.
part b

1. which quotation from the text further develops the answer selected in part a?

a \harriot observed the moon first, and the maps he created included more information, but he did not broadly distribute his work. however, over 500 copies of the starry messenger were printed and sold...\(paragraph 6)
b \critics of copernicus sun - centered cosmos asked, how could the earth drag the moon across the heavens?\(paragraph 8)
c \...later observations by francesco sizi in 1612 suggested that the spots on the sun actually changed over time. it would seem that the sun, like the moon, was not the perfect sphere...\(paragraph 10)
d \outside the western tradition of science, chinese astronomers have long observed sunspots, going back to at least 165 bc.\(paragraph 11)

1. read the sentence from paragraph 10.

in observing the sun, galileo saw a series of \imperfections.\ he had discovered sunspots.
what does the author mean by the word imperfections?
a dangers
b discolorations
c failures
d weaknesses

Explanation:

Part A:

The information about Simon Marius shows an important scientist whose work was overshadowed by Galileo's, as described in option B.

Part B:

The quote in option A about Harriet's work being overshadowed by Galileo's (through the example of the distribution of his work compared to Galileo's) further develops the idea in Part A.

Part C:

In the context of observing the Sun, "imperfections" refer to the sunspots which are discolorations on the Sun's surface, so the answer is B.

Answer:

Part A: B. It provides an example of an important scientist whose discoveries were overshadowed by Galileo's.

Part B: A. "Harriot observed the Moon first, and the maps he created included more information, but he did not broadly distribute his work. However, over 500 copies of the Starry Messenger were printed and sold..." (paragraph 6)

Part C: B. discolorations