Question

part a assessments
complete the following statements. (note: questions 1 - 6 pertain to bone classification by shape.)

1. a bone that is platellike is classified as a(an) __________ bone.
2. the bones of the wrist are examples of __________ bones.
3. the bone of the thigh is an example of a(an) __________ bone.
4. vertebrae are examples of __________ bones.
5. the patella (kneecap) is a special type of short bone called a __________ bone.
6. the bones of the skull that form a protective covering of the brain are examples of __________ bones.
7. distinguish between the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a long bone.
8. describe where cartilage is found on the surface of a long bone.
9. describe where the periosteum is found on the surface of a long bone.

part b assessments
complete the following:

1. distinguish between the locations and tissues of the periosteum and those of the endosteum.
2. what structural differences did you note between compact bone and spongy bone?
3. how are these structural differences related to the locations and functions of these two types of bone?
4. from your observations, how does the marrow in the medullary cavity compare with the marrow in the spaces of the spongy bone?

Explanation:

1. A platelike bone is a flat bone.
2. Wrist bones are short bones.
3. The thigh bone (femur) is a long bone.
4. Vertebrae are irregular bones.
5. The patella is a sesamoid bone.
6. Skull - bones protecting the brain are flat bones.
7. The epiphysis is the end part of a long bone, while the diaphysis is the shaft. The epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage and is involved in joint formation, and the diaphysis provides support and strength.
8. Cartilage (articular cartilage) is found on the epiphyseal ends of a long bone, where it reduces friction and absorbs shock in joints.
9. The periosteum is found on the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. It is a dense connective - tissue membrane that provides attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments and is involved in bone growth, repair, and nutrition.
10. The periosteum is on the outer surface of bone (except at joint surfaces), composed of dense irregular connective tissue, and is vascular and innervated. The endosteum lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity and the trabeculae of spongy bone, and is a thin connective - tissue membrane.
11. Compact bone is dense and solid, with a Haversian system of canals. Spongy bone has a lattice - like structure called trabeculae and is less dense.
12. Compact bone is located on the outer surface of bones, providing strength and support for weight - bearing and protection. Spongy bone is found at the ends of long bones and in the interior of flat and irregular bones, and is involved in shock absorption and hematopoiesis.
13. The marrow in the medullary cavity is mainly yellow marrow (fatty tissue) in adults, while the marrow in the spaces of spongy bone is red marrow, which is responsible for blood cell formation.

Answer:

1. flat
2. short
3. long
4. irregular
5. sesamoid
6. flat
7. The epiphysis is the end part, and the diaphysis is the shaft. The epiphysis is for joint - formation and the diaphysis for support.
8. On the epiphyseal ends.
9. On the outer surface of the diaphysis.
10. Periosteum is on outer surface (except joints), endosteum lines inner surfaces. Periosteum is dense connective tissue, endosteum is thin connective tissue.
11. Compact bone is dense with Haversian system, spongy bone has trabeculae and is less dense.
12. Compact bone is for strength and support on outer surface, spongy bone is for shock - absorption and hematopoiesis in certain locations.
13. Medullary cavity has yellow (fatty) marrow in adults, spongy - bone spaces have red (blood - cell - forming) marrow.