Question

part 2: system design overview (20 points)
multi - stage filtration plan
design your filtration system with at least 3 stages. for each stage, explain:
stage 1:

• purpose: what will this stage remove?
• method: what filtration technique will you use?
• materials needed:
• expected effectiveness:

stage 2:

• purpose: what will this stage remove?
• method: what filtration technique will you use?
• materials needed:
• expected effectiveness:

stage 3:

• purpose: what will this stage remove?
• method: what filtration technique will you use?
• materials needed:
• expected effectiveness:

additional stages (if needed):

• stage 4:
• stage 5:

disinfection method

• uv disinfection: will you include uv treatment? why or why not?
• other disinfection methods: any additional pathogen removal strategies?

Explanation:

Stage 1:

Purpose:

Remove large - size particles like sand, gravel.

Method:

Use a coarse - screen filtration.

Materials needed:

Coarse - mesh screen (e.g., stainless - steel mesh with large openings).

Expected effectiveness:

Can remove about 80 - 90% of large particles.

Stage 2:

Purpose:

Remove smaller suspended solids and some organic matter.

Method:

Activated carbon filtration.

Materials needed:

Activated carbon granules.

Expected effectiveness:

Removes about 60 - 70% of organic contaminants and some remaining small particles.

Stage 3:

Purpose:

Remove fine particles and some microorganisms.

Method:

Ultra - filtration.

Materials needed:

Ultra - filtration membranes.

Expected effectiveness:

Can remove about 90 - 95% of particles larger than 0.01 - 0.1 micrometers and some microorganisms.

UV disinfection:

Yes, include UV treatment. UV light can effectively inactivate a wide range of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa by damaging their DNA or RNA, providing an additional layer of safety to ensure the water is free from harmful pathogens.

Other disinfection methods:

Chlorination can be used as an additional pathogen - removal strategy. Chlorine can react with and destroy remaining microorganisms that may have survived previous filtration and UV treatment steps.

Answer:

Stage 1:
Purpose: Remove large - size particles like sand, gravel.
Method: Coarse - screen filtration.
Materials needed: Coarse - mesh screen.
Expected effectiveness: 80 - 90% of large particles removed.
Stage 2:
Purpose: Remove smaller suspended solids and some organic matter.
Method: Activated carbon filtration.
Materials needed: Activated carbon granules.
Expected effectiveness: 60 - 70% of organic contaminants and some small particles removed.
Stage 3:
Purpose: Remove fine particles and some microorganisms.
Method: Ultra - filtration.
Materials needed: Ultra - filtration membranes.
Expected effectiveness: 90 - 95% of particles larger than 0.01 - 0.1 micrometers and some microorganisms removed.
UV disinfection: Yes, to inactivate a wide range of microorganisms.
Other disinfection methods: Chlorination for additional pathogen removal.