Question

in passage 1, which criticism does eggert apply to socialist reasoning? it assumes that all nations are alike and without distinctive cultures. it treats people as motivated primarily by financial considerations. it places more value on strong management than on cooperation. it is based on abstract ideas rather than history and experience.
why i am opposed to socialism by charles augustus eggert
this brief essay by author and college professor charles augustus eggert was published in california in 1903 as part of the series, why i am opposed to socialism. original programs for learning men and women, socialism was a popular and controversial theory at that time, four years before the russian revolution had given the theory of socialism into practice
i am opposed to socialism, first, because it is not an authoritative economic system, but an ideal that presupposes equality in the intellectual ability of a nation which no nation or community has yet developed to a satisfactory degree under any system, more or less, of economic life.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze the passage and the options:

1. Analyze the passage context: The passage mentions socialism’s theory and its application (or lack thereof) before the Russian Revolution.
2. Evaluate each option:

• Option 1: The passage doesn’t discuss national cultures, so this is not supported.
• Option 2: The passage doesn’t focus on financial motivations for people, so this is not supported.
• Option 3: The passage doesn’t compare management vs. cooperation, so this is not supported.
• Option 4: The passage states socialism was a “theoretical theory” and no government had tried it (implying it relied on abstract ideas, not history/experience). This matches.

Answer:

It is based on abstract ideas rather than history and experience.