Question

1. in pea plants, the allele for green pods (g) is dominant and the allele for yellow pods (g) is recessive. a researcher crosses two green pea plants, and in the f1 generation, all of the offspring exhibit green pods. determine the genotypes of both parents?8. mrs. when two pink flowers are crossed, 25% of the offspring are red, 25% are white, and 50% are pink. this cross illustrates:9. adelaide and emma rose created two brand new breeds of flowers: one lime green (g) and one bright orange (o). green is codominant with orange. if they cross a lime green flower with a bright orange flower, what percentage will be speckled? complete the punnett square to support your answer.10. human abo blood type is an example of which inheritance pattern?11. a man with type a blood marries a woman with type ab blood. based on what you know about blood types, what is the only blood type not possible in any of their children? show one or more punnett squares to fully support your answer.12. a man who is normal for color vision marries a woman who is colorblind (remember, color-blindness is a sex-linked trait!) what is the probability of a having a colorblind male? show a punnett square to support your answer.13. how would you categorize a genetic disorder that is equally likely in males and females and is caused by the presence of two affected alleles?use the pedigree on the right to answer the following questions:14. how many generations are represented in the pedigree?15. how many marriages are shown on this pedigree?16. what inheritance pattern in shown in the pedigree?17. what is the sex and genotype of individual #2?18. what is janes possible genotype?

Explanation:

Step1: Identify dominant/recessive alleles

Green (G) is dominant, yellow (g) is recessive. All F1 offspring are green, so no recessive phenotype is expressed.

Step2: Deduce parental genotypes

For no gg offspring, one parent must be GG (homozygous dominant) to only pass G alleles, and the other parent can be GG or Gg. But since all offspring are green, the only guaranteed cross is GG x GG or GG x Gg. However, to ensure 100% green offspring, the only certain parental genotype combination is GG (homozygous dominant) and GG (homozygous dominant) OR GG and Gg, but the most definitive is GG x GG.
<Expression>
Parental genotypes: $GG \times GG$ (or $GG \times Gg$, but $GG \times GG$ ensures all green offspring)
</Expression>

Step1: Identify inheritance pattern

Crossing pink flowers produces red, white, and pink offspring in a 1:2:1 ratio. This is when heterozygotes show an intermediate phenotype.

Step2: Name the pattern

This pattern is incomplete dominance, where neither allele is fully dominant, so the heterozygote has a blended trait.

Step1: Set up Punnett Square

Green (G) and orange (O) are codominant. Parents are GG (lime green) and OO (bright orange).

Step2: Fill Punnett Square

	G	G
O	GO	GO

Step3: Calculate speckled percentage

All offspring are GO, which is speckled (codominant expression of both traits).
<Expression>
$\frac{4}{4} \times 100\% = 100\%$
</Expression>

Human ABO blood type has three alleles ($I^A$, $I^B$, $i$), where $I^A$ and $I^B$ are codominant (expressed together in type AB), and both are dominant over $i$. This fits codominance and multiple alleles.

Answer:

Both parents have the genotype $GG$ (homozygous dominant for green pods; alternatively, one parent is $GG$ and the other is $Gg$, but $GG \times GG$ is the only combination that guarantees 100% green offspring).

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