projectile and circular motion
text pages 90-95
determine whether the italicized term makes each statement true or false. if the statement is true, write the word rue\ in the blank. if the statement is false, write in the blank the term that makes the statement true.

1. anything that is thrown or shot through the air is called a projectile.
2. because of earth’s gravitational pull and their own inertia, projectiles travel in a straight path.
3. motion parallel to earth’s surface is vertical motion.
4. motion perpendicular to earth’s surface is vertical motion.
5. objects fall toward earth at a rate of 9.8 m/s² because of centripetal force.
6. acceleration is a change in motion.
7. the word centripetal means oward the outside.\
8. acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path is called gravitational acceleration.
9. centripetal force is a force that causes a moving object to move in a curved or circular path.
10. an orbiting space shuttle and its contents are in freefall around earth.
11. a change in the speed or direction of an object is called inertia.

answer the following question with complete sentences.
12. why do objects that are thrown or shot follow a curved path?

13. draw a diagram below to illustrate your answer for question 12.

Question

projectile and circular motion
text pages 90-95
determine whether the italicized term makes each statement true or false. if the statement is true, write the word 	rue\ in the blank. if the statement is false, write in the blank the term that makes the statement true.

1. anything that is thrown or shot through the air is called a projectile.
2. because of earth’s gravitational pull and their own inertia, projectiles travel in a straight path.
3. motion parallel to earth’s surface is vertical motion.
4. motion perpendicular to earth’s surface is vertical motion.
5. objects fall toward earth at a rate of 9.8 m/s² because of centripetal force.
6. acceleration is a change in motion.
7. the word centripetal means 	oward the outside.\
8. acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path is called gravitational acceleration.
9. centripetal force is a force that causes a moving object to move in a curved or circular path.
10. an orbiting space shuttle and its contents are in freefall around earth.
11. a change in the speed or direction of an object is called inertia.

answer the following question with complete sentences.
12. why do objects that are thrown or shot follow a curved path?

13. draw a diagram below to illustrate your answer for question 12.

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The definition of a projectile is an object thrown or shot through the air, so the statement is true.
# Answer:
true

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Projectiles have horizontal (due to inertia) and vertical (due to gravity) motion, resulting in a parabolic (curved) path, not straight. The correct term for the path is "curved" (or "parabolic").
# Answer:
curved (or parabolic)

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Motion parallel to Earth's surface is horizontal motion; vertical motion is perpendicular. So the italicized term is wrong, and the correct term is "horizontal".
# Answer:
horizontal

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Motion perpendicular to Earth's surface is vertical motion, so the statement is true.
# Answer:
true

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Objects fall at $9.8\space m/s^2$ due to gravity (gravitational force), not centripetal force. The correct term is "gravitational force".
# Answer:
gravitational force

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Acceleration is a change in velocity (which includes speed and direction), not just motion. But if we consider the phrasing, "velocity" is more accurate, but the statement as is (with "motion" maybe intended as velocity change) – wait, actually, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. However, the common phrasing here: the statement "Acceleration is a change in motion" – motion change relates to velocity change. But maybe the intended is that the statement is false, and the correct term is "velocity"? Wait, no, let's check. The standard definition: Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes (change in velocity over time). So if the statement says "a change in motion" (motion change is velocity change), maybe it's considered true? Wait, no, acceleration is the rate of change, not the change itself. Wait, the problem says "Acceleration is a change in motion". So that's incorrect. The correct term should be "velocity" (Acceleration is a change in velocity). Wait, but maybe the question's wording: let's re - examine. The italicized term is "motion". So the statement is false. The correct term is "velocity".
# Answer:
velocity

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
Centripetal means "toward the center", not outside. The correct term for "toward the outside" is "centrifugal". So the statement is false, and the correct term is "center".
# Answer:
center

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Acceleration toward the center of a curved/circular path is centripetal acceleration, not gravitational acceleration. The correct term is "centripetal".
# Answer:
centripetal

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
Centripetal force is the force that causes circular/curved motion, so the statement is true.
# Answer:
true

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
An orbiting space shuttle and its contents are in freefall around Earth (they are constantly falling toward Earth but have enough horizontal velocity to orbit), so the statement is true.
# Answer:
true

### Question 11
# Brief Explanations:
Inertia is the tendency to resist motion change; a change in speed or direction is acceleration (or a change in velocity). The correct term is "acceleration" (or "velocity change").
# Answer:
acceleration

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
Objects thrown or shot (projectiles) have two components of motion: horizontal motion (due to inertia, moving at a constant velocity if we ignore air resistance) and vertical motion (due to Earth's gravitational pull, accelerating downward at $9.8\space m/s^2$). The combination of the constant horizontal velocity and the accelerating vertical velocity results in a curved (parabolic) path.
# Answer:
Objects that are thrown or shot follow a curved path because they have horizontal motion due to inertia (moving at a constant horizontal velocity, ignoring air resistance) and vertical motion due to Earth's gravitational pull (accelerating downward at $9.8\space m/s^2$). The combination of these two motions (constant horizontal velocity and accelerating vertical velocity) results in a curved, parabolic path.

### Question 13
# Brief Explanations:
To draw the diagram:
1. Draw a horizontal line to represent the Earth's surface (or a horizontal axis).
2. Draw a point at the left - hand side to represent the launch point.
3. From the launch point, draw a horizontal arrow (to the right) to represent the horizontal velocity ($v_x$, constant).
4. Draw a vertical arrow (downward) from the launch point to represent the initial vertical velocity (if launched at an angle, there is an initial vertical component; if launched horizontally, initial vertical velocity is 0, but gravity will cause a downward acceleration).
5. As the object moves horizontally, the vertical displacement (due to gravity) increases, forming a parabolic curve. Mark a few points along the path: at time $t = 0$, at $t = t_1$, $t = t_2$ etc., showing that the horizontal distance increases linearly (if $v_x$ is constant) and the vertical distance increases quadratically (since $y=\frac{1}{2}gt^2$ for horizontal launch, or $y = v_{0y}t-\frac{1}{2}gt^2$ for angled launch).

Since this is a text - based response, we can describe the diagram:

- **Horizontal Axis (x - axis)**: Represents the horizontal direction (parallel to Earth's surface).
- **Vertical Axis (y - axis)**: Represents the vertical direction (perpendicular to Earth's surface, upward is positive, downward is negative due to gravity).
- **Launch Point**: A dot at, say, $(0, y_0)$ where $y_0$ is the initial height.
- **Velocity Vectors**:
    - Horizontal velocity vector ($\vec{v}_x$): A horizontal arrow (to the right) with constant length (magnitude) at each point along the path.
    - Vertical velocity vector ($\vec{v}_y$): A vertical arrow (downward) that gets longer as time increases (since $v_y=v_{0y}-gt$, and if $v_{0y}$ is upward, it will decrease to zero and then become downward and increase in magnitude).
- **Path**: A parabola opening downward. At $t = 0$, the object is at the launch point. At $t = t_1$, it is at $(v_x t_1,y_0 + v_{0y}t_1-\frac{1}{2}gt_1^2)$. At $t = t_2$ (where $t_2>t_1$), it is at $(v_x t_2,y_0 + v_{0y}t_2-\frac{1}{2}gt_2^2)$, and so on, showing the curved path.

# Answer:
(Diagram description as above. To draw it physically, use a coordinate system with x (horizontal) and y (vertical) axes. Plot the launch point. Draw a horizontal arrow for $v_x$ and a downward - increasing vertical arrow for $v_y$ at different time intervals. Sketch a parabola connecting the points $(v_x t,y_0 + v_{0y}t-\frac{1}{2}gt^2)$ for different values of $t$.)

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