QUESTION IMAGE
Question
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
molecular genetics
- mechanism of genetic diversity
- \extra dna\
- mechanism to separate chromosomes
- location of dna
- first amino acid in translation
- histones
- size of ribosome
- number of main chromosomes
- direction of dna replication
- mrna
- sequence that ribosome binds to
9/1/25
biol2100 introduction to cells
91
Since the problem is about comparing molecular genetics aspects of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, we can create a table to organize the information. Here's a sample table with some common differences filled in:
| Molecular Genetics Aspect | Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic |
|---|---|---|
| "extra DNA" | Plasmids (small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA) | Mitochondrial DNA, Chloroplast DNA (in plants), plasmids in some eukaryotes (less common) |
| Mechanism to separate chromosomes | Binary fission (no mitotic spindle, chromosome attaches to cell membrane) | Mitosis (uses mitotic spindle apparatus) |
| Location of DNA | Nucleoid (no membrane-bound nucleus), also in plasmids | Nucleus (membrane-bound), also in mitochondria, chloroplasts |
| First amino acid in translation | Formylmethionine (fMet) | Methionine (Met) |
| Histones | No true histones (have histone - like proteins) | DNA is wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes |
| Size of ribosome | 70S (30S + 50S subunits) | 80S (40S + 60S subunits) (cytoplasmic ribosomes); 70S in mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| Number of main chromosomes | Usually one circular chromosome | Multiple linear chromosomes |
| Direction of DNA replication | Bidirectional (starts at origin of replication, moves in two directions) | Bidirectional (multiple origins of replication in eukaryotes) |
| mRNA | Polycistronic (can code for multiple genes) | Monocistronic (usually codes for one gene) |
| Sequence that ribosome binds to | Shine - Dalgarno sequence | 5' cap (for eukaryotic mRNA) |
If you want to fill in the table completely or have specific aspects you want to focus on, you can provide more details.
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Since the problem is about comparing molecular genetics aspects of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, we can create a table to organize the information. Here's a sample table with some common differences filled in:
| Molecular Genetics Aspect | Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic |
|---|---|---|
| "extra DNA" | Plasmids (small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA) | Mitochondrial DNA, Chloroplast DNA (in plants), plasmids in some eukaryotes (less common) |
| Mechanism to separate chromosomes | Binary fission (no mitotic spindle, chromosome attaches to cell membrane) | Mitosis (uses mitotic spindle apparatus) |
| Location of DNA | Nucleoid (no membrane-bound nucleus), also in plasmids | Nucleus (membrane-bound), also in mitochondria, chloroplasts |
| First amino acid in translation | Formylmethionine (fMet) | Methionine (Met) |
| Histones | No true histones (have histone - like proteins) | DNA is wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes |
| Size of ribosome | 70S (30S + 50S subunits) | 80S (40S + 60S subunits) (cytoplasmic ribosomes); 70S in mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| Number of main chromosomes | Usually one circular chromosome | Multiple linear chromosomes |
| Direction of DNA replication | Bidirectional (starts at origin of replication, moves in two directions) | Bidirectional (multiple origins of replication in eukaryotes) |
| mRNA | Polycistronic (can code for multiple genes) | Monocistronic (usually codes for one gene) |
| Sequence that ribosome binds to | Shine - Dalgarno sequence | 5' cap (for eukaryotic mRNA) |
If you want to fill in the table completely or have specific aspects you want to focus on, you can provide more details.