properties of water webquest
name:
task 1: water observation simulation
access the water simulation on the pbs website. click launch to begin the simulation.
full url: https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/arct15-sci-water/water-simulation/
tiny url: https://tinyurl.com/2u9mdu6
explore the simulation by sliding the temperature control on the upper right - hand side of the screen to observe the behavior of water molecules at different temperatures.
1. which atom in the water molecule is positively charged?
2. which atom in the water molecule is negatively charged?
3. what do you notice about the negatively charged atom of one atom in one molecule and the positively charged atom of another water atom when they touch?
4. describe the movement of the water molecules at cold temperatures.
5. describe the movement of the water molecules at hot temperatures.

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
A water molecule ($H_2O$) has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Due to the polar nature of the water molecule, the hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge. This is because oxygen is more electronegative, pulling the shared electrons in the covalent bonds closer to itself, leaving the hydrogen atoms with a partial positive charge.
# Answer:
The hydrogen atom in the water molecule is positively charged (specifically, it has a partial positive charge).

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
In a water molecule ($H_2O$), the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms. Electronegativity refers to the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. Because oxygen attracts the shared electrons in the covalent bonds with hydrogen more strongly, it acquires a partial negative charge.
# Answer:
The oxygen atom in the water molecule is negatively charged (specifically, it has a partial negative charge).

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Water molecules are polar, with the oxygen atom having a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms having partial positive charges. When the negatively charged (partial negative) oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positively charged (partial positive) hydrogen atom of another water molecule come into contact, an intermolecular force called a hydrogen bond is formed. This is an attractive force between the opposite partial charges of the polar molecules.
# Answer:
The negatively charged (partial negative) oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positively charged (partial positive) hydrogen atom of another water molecule are attracted to each other, and a hydrogen bond forms between them.

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
At cold temperatures, the kinetic energy of water molecules is relatively low. Kinetic energy is related to the motion of molecules. With lower kinetic energy, the molecules do not move as rapidly or as far apart. Instead, they tend to be closer together and move more slowly. The hydrogen bonds between the molecules are also more stable and last longer, causing the molecules to vibrate or move slightly around fixed positions, and they are more likely to be in a more ordered arrangement (as seen in ice, although at just cold liquid water temperatures, it's a less ordered but still relatively close - packed and slow - moving state compared to hot water).
# Answer:
At cold temperatures, water molecules move slowly. They are relatively close together, and their movement is mainly small - scale vibrations or slow - paced shifting. The hydrogen bonds between them are relatively stable, and the molecules tend to stay in a more localized area, with less random and less energetic motion compared to higher temperatures.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of molecules. At hot temperatures, the kinetic energy of water molecules is high. Higher kinetic energy means that the molecules move more rapidly and with more energy. The increased motion can break the hydrogen bonds between the molecules more frequently and for longer periods. As a result, the water molecules move more freely, rapidly, and randomly. They can travel greater distances, collide with each other more often, and have a more disordered arrangement compared to cold water.
# Answer:
At hot temperatures, water molecules move very rapidly. They have a high amount of kinetic energy, so they move quickly, collide with each other frequently, and move in a more random and energetic manner. The hydrogen bonds between them are broken more often and do not last as long, allowing the molecules to spread out more and move with greater speed and less restriction.

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