Question

question 6 of 10
which statements best complete the diagram of the steps in a federal civil case?

diagram with steps: 1 → a trial takes place before a judge and jury. → 2 → the losing party may appeal the decision.

a. (1) the state files a lawsuit against a defendant. (2) a judge determines whether the case will be sent back to state courts.

b. (1) police charge a defendant with a crime. (2) the defendant is ruled either guilty or not guilty.

c. (1) a plaintiff files a complaint against a defendant. (2) a ruling is made and damages are delivered.

d. (1) a federal grand jury indicts a defendant. (2) a judge determines whether to dismiss the charges.

Explanation:

1. For step 1: In federal civil cases, the process starts when a plaintiff (the harmed party) files a formal complaint against a defendant, which initiates the lawsuit. Options A, B, and D reference criminal case actions (state prosecution, police charging, grand jury indictment) which do not apply to civil cases.
2. For step 2: After a civil trial, the court issues a ruling, which may include awarding damages to the winning party. This precedes the option to appeal the decision, matching the flow of the diagram.

Answer:

C. (1) A plaintiff files a complaint against a defendant. (2) A ruling is made and damages are delivered.