Question

question 12
which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical research?

the abilities of non - human primates to use sign language
whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions
the reaction time for participants to indicate they heard a ball drop on a table
whether a baby is crying because he is sad, hungry, or in pain

Explanation:

Empirical research relies on observable, measurable data. The id, ego, and superego are psychoanalytic concepts (from Freud's theory) that are not directly observable or measurable in a way that empirical research (which uses methods like experiments, observations with measurable outcomes) can assess. The other options involve observable behaviors (primate sign language use, reaction time, baby's crying triggers which can be observed/measured with methods like monitoring behavior, physiological responses) that can be studied empirically.

Answer:

B. whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions