Question

question 4
the role of cultural tools in cognitive development involves, according to vygotsky,
predominantly symbolic tools.
both real and symbolic tools.
primarily psychological tools.
essentially real tools.

question 5
the role of private speech in vygotskys view is to
guide ones activities in solving a problem.
encourage children to learn new words.
stimulate the development of language from simple words to full sentences.
call attention to oneself during play.

Explanation:

For Question 4: Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development identifies cultural tools as including both tangible (real) tools like tools for physical tasks, and symbolic tools like language, numbers, and symbols that shape thinking.
For Question 5: Vygotsky proposed private speech (self-talk) is a self-regulatory tool that children use to guide their own actions, plan, and problem-solve as they develop.

Answer:

Question 4: both real and symbolic tools.
Question 5: guide one's activities in solving a problem.