Question

questions for article (g - 6c)

1. list three forms of oxidizing smog

a.
b.
c.

1. list three sources of oxidizing smog

a.
b.
c.

1. describe how carbon monoxide damages the body
2. up to ____ percent of rbcs are negatively affected by carbon monoxide
3. one reductant listed in the article is ____
4. upper respiratory problems, like ____ can cause serious problems if runners wish to run in polluted air.
5. list two supplements that can offset exposure to bad air

a.
b.

1. what are the worst times of day to run in big cities, like los angeles?

a.
b.
using your ipad or smart phone, look up \us cities with the worst air quality.\ use the cbs news article to answer these questions:

1. of the top ten cities or towns with the worst air (smog) how many are in california?
2. is porterville listed? __ if so, where does it rank nationally? __
3. of all of the cities or towns listed, how many are within a two - hour drive of porterville?
4. also using your ipad or phone, find three sources of air pollution in our area specifically

a.
b.
c.

1. lastly, look up the air quality index for porterville. list two pollutants that are monitored and their ranges (good, poor, etc.)

a.
b.

Explanation:

1. Forms of oxidizing smog: Ozone ($O_3$), peroxy - acetyl nitrates (PANs), and nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) are common forms. Ozone is a major component of photochemical smog, PANs are irritating pollutants, and $NO_2$ is a reactive gas involved in smog formation.
2. Sources of oxidizing smog: Vehicle exhaust (due to incomplete combustion and reactions in the atmosphere), industrial emissions (from factories releasing pollutants like $NO_x$ and volatile organic compounds), and power - plant emissions (burning fossil fuels releases pollutants that contribute to smog).
3. Carbon monoxide damage: Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBCs) with a much higher affinity than oxygen. This forms carboxy - hemoglobin, reducing the oxygen - carrying capacity of the blood and leading to oxygen deprivation in tissues and organs.
4. Percent of RBCs affected: Up to 50 percent of RBCs can be negatively affected by carbon monoxide in severe cases of exposure.
5. Reducing agent: Hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) could be a reducing agent in some contexts related to air pollution chemistry, but more context from the article is needed.
6. Respiratory problems: Conditions like asthma can cause serious problems for runners in polluted air as pollutants can irritate the airways and trigger asthma attacks.
7. Supplements: Vitamin C and vitamin E are antioxidants that may help offset the oxidative stress caused by exposure to bad air.
8. Worst times to run: Morning rush - hour (when vehicle emissions are high as people commute to work) and evening rush - hour (when people are commuting home) are the worst times to run in big cities like Los Angeles.

9 - 12 require looking up specific data from the CBS news article and local information about Porterville which is not provided here.

1. Air quality index and pollutants: Common pollutants monitored are particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$). PM2.5 levels below 12 are considered good, while levels above 35.4 are in the moderate range. Sulfur dioxide levels below 20 are good and above 140 are in the unhealthy range.

Answer:

1. a. Ozone ($O_3$)

b. Peroxy - acetyl nitrates (PANs)
c. Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$)

1. a. Vehicle exhaust

b. Industrial emissions
c. Power - plant emissions

1. Binds to hemoglobin, reducing oxygen - carrying capacity.
2. 50
3. (Needs more context from article)
4. Asthma
5. a. Vitamin C

b. Vitamin E

1. a. Morning rush - hour

b. Evening rush - hour

1. (Needs data from CBS news article)
2. (Needs data from CBS news article)
3. (Needs data from CBS news article)
4. (Needs local data about Porterville)
5. a. Particulate matter (PM2.5): Good below 12, Moderate above 35.4

b. Sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$): Good below 20, Unhealthy above 140