Question

read the passage.
congress needs to pass legislation to protect the endangered species—and all organisms—currently threatened by climate change. all americans realize that these creatures deserve the chance to survive without threats outside of their control. if congress fails to address this today, then we all lose.
which fallacies appear in this passage? select three options.
□ an appeal to emotion is used to make congress feel guilty if they do not support the legislation.
□ a false dilemma is used to claim that legislation is the only way to protect the environment.
□ an ad hominem is used to attack representatives for being distracted when hearing evidence.
□ a bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every american wants to help endangered species.
□ a false dilemma is used to introduce the idea that the legislation will save us all.

Explanation:

1. For the first option: The passage uses the idea of creatures deserving to survive to make Congress feel guilty if they don't support the legislation, which is an appeal to emotion.
2. For the fourth option: Saying "All Americans realize..." is a bandwagon appeal, suggesting that since every American (implied) wants to help, Congress should act, following the bandwagon logic.
3. For the fifth option: The statement "If Congress fails to address this today, then we all lose" presents a false dilemma, implying that either Congress passes the legislation or everyone loses, ignoring other possible solutions or outcomes. The second option is incorrect as the passage doesn't claim legislation is the only way (it just argues for legislation, not that it's the sole method). The third option is incorrect as there's no ad hominem attack on representatives.

Answer:

A. An appeal to emotion is used to make Congress feel guilty if they do not support the legislation.
D. A bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every American wants to help endangered species.
E. A false dilemma is used to introduce the idea that the legislation will save us all.