Question

1. read storing energy on p. 227. how does adenosine diphosphate (adp) dif triphosphate (atp)?

read releasing energy on p. 227. how do cells release energy from atp m
read using biochemical energy on p. 227. cells use atp for a variety of tas tasks that cells use energy from atp to complete.
(1) (2)
(3) (4)

Explanation:

To answer these questions, we refer to the relevant sections (Storing Energy, Releasing Energy, Using Biochemical Energy) on page 227 (assuming a typical biology textbook context):

Question 3 (ADP vs ATP - Storing Energy)

• Structure Difference: ADP has 2 phosphate groups ($\text{ADP} = \text{Adenosine} + 2\text{Pi}$), while ATP has 3 phosphate groups ($\text{ATP} = \text{Adenosine} + 3\text{Pi}$).
• Energy Storage: ATP stores energy in the high - energy bond between its second and third phosphate groups. ADP has less stored energy; when a phosphate group is added to ADP (forming ATP), energy is stored in that new bond.

Question about Releasing Energy from ATP

Cells release energy from ATP by breaking the high - energy bond between the second and third phosphate groups. This reaction (ATP $
ightarrow$ ADP + $\text{Pi}$ + energy) is catalyzed by enzymes and the released energy is used for cellular work.

Question about Using Biochemical Energy (ATP - Driven Tasks)

Typical tasks cells use ATP for include:

1. Active Transport: Moving molecules against concentration gradients (e.g., sodium - potassium pump).
2. Synthesis of Macromolecules: Building proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, etc.
3. Mechanical Work: Muscle contraction (in muscle cells) or movement of organelles within cells.
4. Cellular Signaling: Phosphorylating proteins to activate signaling pathways.

Answer:

s (Filling the Blanks)

• For the ADP vs ATP question (Q3): ADP has 2 phosphate groups and less stored energy; ATP has 3 phosphate groups and stores energy in the bond between the second and third phosphate. When a phosphate is added to ADP, ATP is formed and energy is stored.
• For releasing energy from ATP: Cells break the high - energy bond between ATP’s second and third phosphate groups (ATP $

ightarrow$ ADP + $\text{Pi}$ + energy) to release energy.

• For ATP - driven tasks (examples):

(1) Active transport (e.g., sodium - potassium pump)
(2) Protein synthesis
(3) Muscle contraction
(4) Cell division (or cellular signaling, organelle movement, etc.)

(Note: The exact answers may vary slightly based on the specific textbook, but these are standard biological explanations for ATP/ADP dynamics and ATP - driven cellular work.)