Question

1. researchers are interested in the relationship between the conditioning of an eyeblink response and aging. while taking an iq test, elderly subjects wore special goggles that administered a puff of air into their eyes after a tone sounded. although participants were told the purpose of the experiment was to see if intelligence declined as people aged, the real purpose was to measure the length of time it took for participants to learn the association between the sound of the tone & the puff of air. which ethical procedure must be used to account for the deception in this study?a. informed consentb. confidentialityc. double-blindd. debriefing7. this graph of conditioning shows which of the following concepts?a. habituation and blockingb. positive and negative reinforcementc. generalization, discrimination, and higher-order conditioningd. acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery8. which of the following is a response acquired through classical conditioning?a. a womans stomach growls when she looks at the clock and sees it is almost lunchtimeb. a dog salivates at the taste of foodc. a child cleans his room more when he is rewarded for doing sod. a driver stops speeding after receiving a ticket9. which of the following is an example of the schedule of reinforcement that has the slowest response rate as depicted in the graph?a. a person receives a free cup of coffee after purchasing 10 cups of coffee from the local coffee shop.b. a local fast-food restaurant tells customers they are going to release a coupon for a free meal on their app at some point during the day.c. someone wins a prize in a lottery drawing.d. every tuesday, the local movie theater offers free popcorn and a drink with a purchase of a movie ticket.10. samuel became ill after eating pepperoni pizza and refuses to eat it now. however, he still enjoys plain pizza. samuels eating behavior illustratesa. negative reinforcementb. stimulus discriminationc. stimulus generalizationd. shaping11. madeline wants her son to be well-behaved when they go to church. for every five minutes he sits still, she gives him a piece of candy. what type of learning is madeline employing?a. operant conditioningb. classical conditioningc. vicarious learningd. one-trial learning12. which of the following statements is most consistent with a behaviorists ideas?a. personality is primarily a function of ones genes.b. people obtain their personality from watching other people.c. personality is based on factors predominantly in ones unconsciousd. personality is a function of the reinforcements and punishments they receive for their behaviors

Explanation:

1. Debriefing is the ethical procedure where researchers disclose the true purpose of a study and any deception used after data collection, which applies here.
2. The graph shows: acquisition (increasing CR strength with CS+US pairing), extinction (CR fading when CS is presented alone), and spontaneous recovery (CR returning after a pause, post-extinction).
3. Classical conditioning involves a reflexive response to a conditioned stimulus; the stomach growling at the clock (a learned cue for lunch) fits this, unlike the other options which are unconditioned reflexes or operant conditioning.
4. Fixed interval schedules have the slowest response rate (responses increase near the interval end, creating a scalloped graph), which matches the movie theater's weekly fixed-time reward.
5. Stimulus discrimination means responding differently to similar stimuli; Samuel avoids pepperoni pizza but accepts plain pizza, distinguishing between the two.
6. Operant conditioning uses rewards/punishments to modify voluntary behavior; Madeline uses candy (a reward) to encourage her son's sitting still.
7. Behaviorism focuses on how environmental reinforcements and punishments shape observable behaviors, including personality.

Answer:

1. d. Debriefing
2. d. Acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery
3. a. A woman's stomach growls when she looks at the clock and sees it is almost lunchtime
4. d. Every Tuesday, the local movie theater offers free popcorn and a drink with a purchase of a movie ticket.
5. b. Stimulus discrimination
6. a. Operant conditioning
7. d. Personality is a function of the reinforcements and punishments they receive for their behaviors