Question

science matter and energy 2nd ed. chapter 6
choose the best answer and fill in the corresponding bubble.

1. which of the following statements is not true?

if all other factors are the same, a gas has more thermal energy than a liquid.
thermal energy is the internal energy that an object has because of the random motions of its molecules.
heat and thermal energy are interchangeable terms.
a large, cool object may have more thermal energy than a small, hot object.

1. the si unit of heat is the

calorie
joule
btu
therm

1. how much heat is gained by a 100 g bar of aluminum if the specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 j/g °c and the bar is heated by 10°c?

450 j
90 j
900 j
4,500 j

1. which of the following statements about water is not true?

the density of ice at 0°c is higher than the density of liquid water at 0°c.
water is an ideal coolant because of its high specific heat.
water is used in a calorimeter.
water forms crystals as it freezes.

1. which of the following statements regarding radiation is not true?

energy transmitted by radiation travels at the speed of light.
radiation can pass through an object without heating it.
all objects release some energy through radiation.
heat transfer through radiation requires a certain amount of matter.

1. ____ is considered the founder of the science of thermodynamics.

sadi carnot
james prescott joule
julius robert von mayer
lord kelvin

1. the ____ states that the energy gained (or lost) by a system is equal to the energy lost (or gained) by its surroundings.

extensive properties principle
first law of thermodynamics
second law of thermodynamics
mechanical equivalent of heat

1. which of these is an invention that is scientifically practical and works as it was intended?

gravity - powered overbalanced wheel
self - powered pump
carnot engine
dewar flask

1. which of these statements is not true?

the heat of fusion is much greater than the heat of vaporization.
the addition of solutes will lower the freezing point of a liquid.
usually, the freezing point and the melting point of a substance are the same temperature.
a change from one state to another involves the addition or subtraction of thermal energy.

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze question 1

Heat is the energy transferred between substances due to a temperature difference, while thermal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of the molecules in an object. They are not interchangeable terms.

Step2: Analyze question 2

The SI unit of heat is the joule. Calorie is a non - SI unit, Btu (British Thermal Unit) is also non - SI, and therm is a large unit mainly used in the US for natural gas.

Step3: Analyze question 3

Use the formula $Q = mc\Delta T$, where $m = 100g$, $c=0.90J/g^{\circ}C$, and $\Delta T = 10^{\circ}C$. So $Q=100\times0.90\times10 = 900J$.

Step4: Analyze question 4

The density of ice at $0^{\circ}C$ is lower than the density of liquid water at $0^{\circ}C$. Water is a good coolant due to high specific heat and is used in calorimeters, and it forms crystals when it freezes.

Step5: Analyze question 5

Heat transfer through radiation does not require a medium (matter), energy transmitted by radiation travels at light speed, radiation can pass through an object without heating it, and all objects release some energy through radiation.

Step6: Analyze question 6

Sadi Carnot is considered the founder of the science of thermodynamics.

Step7: Analyze question 7

The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy gained (or lost) by a system is equal to the energy lost (or gained) by its surroundings.

Step8: Analyze question 8

The Carnot engine is a theoretical engine with maximum efficiency, a gravity - powered overbalanced wheel and self - powered pump violate the laws of thermodynamics, and the Dewar flask is a practical device for minimizing heat transfer.

Step9: Analyze question 9

The heat of vaporization is much greater than the heat of fusion for most substances. Adding solutes lowers the freezing point, the freezing and melting points of a substance are usually the same temperature, and state changes involve thermal energy addition or subtraction.

Answer:

1. C. Heat and thermal energy are interchangeable terms.
2. B. joule
3. C. 900 J
4. A. The density of ice at $0^{\circ}C$ is higher than the density of liquid water at $0^{\circ}C$.
5. D. Heat transfer through radiation requires a certain amount of matter.
6. A. Sadi Carnot
7. B. first law of thermodynamics
8. D. Dewar flask
9. A. The heat of fusion is much greater than the heat of vaporization.