Question

section 24.1 nuclear radiation
in your textbook, read about the terms used to describe nuclear changes.
use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.
alpha particle radioactivity gamma ray radioisotope
beta particles radiation x - ray radioactive decay
the discovery of the (1)________ in 1895 by wilhelm roentgen opened a whole new field of research. among those who worked in this new field were pierre and marie curie. the curies discovered that some forms of matter give off (2)______, a combination of particles and energy. marie curie named this process (3)______. another term used to describe the process by which one element spontaneously changes into another element is (4)______. any isotope that undergoes such changes is called a(n) (5)________.
there are three common forms of radiation. one type is a form of energy known as (6)________. the other types of radiation consist of particles. the form of radiation containing the heavier particle is made up of helium nuclei called (7)______. the form of radiation containing the lighter particle consists of electrons called (8)________.
in your textbook, read about the discovery of radioactivity.
complete each statement.

1. wilhelm roentgen discovered the form of energy known as __________
2. the form of nuclear radiation that has the greatest penetrating power is the __________
3. when a radioactive nucleus gives off a gamma ray, its atomic number increases by __________
4. the three types of radiation were first identified by __________
5. each alpha particle carries an electric charge of __________
6. each beta particle carries an electric charge of __________
7. each gamma ray carries an electric charge of __________

Explanation:

1. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X - rays in 1895.
2. Some forms of matter give off radiation, a combination of particles and energy.
3. Marie Curie named the process of matter giving off radiation as radioactivity.
4. The process by which one element spontaneously changes into another is radioactive decay.
5. An isotope that undergoes such changes is a radioisotope.
6. Gamma ray is a form of energy radiation.
7. Alpha particles are made up of helium nuclei.
8. Beta particles consist of electrons.
9. Roentgen discovered X - rays.
10. Gamma rays have the greatest penetrating power among nuclear radiations.
11. When a radioactive nucleus gives off a gamma ray, its atomic number does not change (increase by 0) as gamma rays are pure energy and do not change the number of protons.
12. The three types of radiation were first identified by Ernest Rutherford.
13. Each alpha particle carries an electric charge of + 2.
14. Each beta particle carries an electric charge of - 1.
15. Each gamma ray carries an electric charge of 0 as it is neutral energy.

Answer:

(1) X ray
(2) radiation
(3) radioactivity
(4) radioactive decay
(5) radioisotope
(6) gamma ray
(7) alpha particle
(8) beta particles
(9) X ray
(10) gamma ray
(11) 0
(12) Ernest Rutherford
(13) + 2
(14) - 1
(15) 0