Question

section 3
airway
chapter 11
airway management
general knowledge
matching
match each of the items in the left - column to the appropriate definition in the right column.

1. inhalation

a. moves downward with contraction

1. exhalation

b. an irregular breathing pattern with increased rate and depth followed by apnea

1. alveoli

c. an active part of breathing

1. mediastinum

d. a complex structure made of cartilage, marking where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins

1. hypoxic drive

e. the amount of air moved during one breath

1. tidal volume

f. raises ribs when it contracts

1. diaphragm

g. the space between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, main bronchi, esophagus, and many nerves

1. intercostal muscle

h. the functional site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

1. ventilation

i. a passive process not requiring muscular effort

1. larynx

j. insufficient oxygen for cells and tissues

1. hypoxia

k. a secondary system for control of breathing

1. cheyne - stokes

l. the exchange of air between lungs and the environment
multiple choice
read each item carefully and then select the one best response.

1. what percentage of the air that we breathe is made up of oxygen?

a. 78%
b. 12%
c. 16%
d. 21%

1. what concentration of inspired oxygen is provided by a nasal cannula when the flowmeter is set at 1 to 6 l/min?

a. 10% to 18%
b. 24% to 44%
c. 52% to 84%
d. 89% to 98%

1. which of the following statements regarding respiratory rate is true?

a. the respiratory rate is about equal to the persons heart rate.
b. the normal rate is 12 to 20 breaths/min.
c. the rate is faster when the person is sleeping.
d. the rate is the same in infants and children.

Explanation:

1. Inhalation is an active part of breathing, so 1 - C.
2. Exhalation is a passive process not requiring muscular effort, so 2 - I.
3. Alveoli are the functional site of oxygen and carbon - dioxide exchange, so 3 - H.
4. Mediastinum is the space between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, main bronchi, esophagus, and many nerves, so 4 - G.
5. Hypoxic drive is a secondary system for control of breathing, so 5 - K.
6. Tidal volume is the amount of air moved during one breath, so 6 - E.
7. Diaphragm moves downward with contraction, so 7 - A.
8. Intercostal muscle raises ribs when it contracts, so 8 - F.
9. Ventilation is the exchange of air between lungs and the environment, so 9 - L.
10. Larynx is a complex structure made of cartilage, marking where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins, so 10 - D.
11. Hypoxia is insufficient oxygen for cells and tissues, so 11 - J.
12. Cheyne - Stokes is an irregular breathing pattern with increased rate and depth followed by apnea, so 12 - B.

For multiple - choice:

1. The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen. So the answer is D.
2. A nasal cannula set at 1 - 6 L/min provides 24% - 44% inspired oxygen. So the answer is B.
3. The normal respiratory rate is 12 to 20 breaths/min. So the answer is B.

Answer:

1 - C
2 - I
3 - H
4 - G
5 - K
6 - E
7 - A
8 - F
9 - L
10 - D
11 - J
12 - B
Multiple - choice 1: D. 21%
Multiple - choice 2: B. 24% to 44%
Multiple - choice 3: B. The normal rate is 12 to 20 breaths/min.