Question

section 3 airway

1. which of the following is a sign of inadequate breathing in an adult?

a. respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min
b. diminished breath sounds
c. equal chest expansion
d. warm, pink skin

1. the brainstem normally triggers breathing by increasing respirations when:

a. carbon dioxide levels increase
b. oxygen levels increase
c. carbon dioxide levels decrease
d. nitrogen levels decrease

1. which of the following is a contraindication for placement of an oropharyngeal airway?

a. intact gag reflex
b. severe head injury
c. unconsciousness
d. fractured nasal bone

1. the proper technique for sizing an oropharyngeal airway before insertion is to measure the device from:

a. the tip of the nose to the earlobe
b. the bridge of the nose to the tip of the chin
c. the corner of the mouth to the tip of the chin
d. the center of the jaw to the earlobe or angle of the jaw

1. what is a common problem when a single emt uses a bag - mask device?

a. overinflation of the lungs
b. delivering an inappropriate rate of ventilations
c. environmental conditions
d. maintaining an airtight mask seal

1. when ventilating a patient with a bag - mask device, you should:

a. look for inflation of the cheeks
b. squeeze the bag hard and fast
c. look for rise and fall of the chest
d. only perform this with an advanced airway

1. when the airway is not clear, suctioning the oral cavity before positive pressure ventilation is initiated is important because it:

a. stimulates the patient to breathe
b. prevents gagging
c. helps reduce the risk of aspiration
d. prevents tachycardia

1. which of the following is the most common method of assisting ventilations in the field?

a. mouth - to - mask with one - way valve
b. continuous positive airway pressure (cpap)
c. flow - restricted, oxygen - powered ventilation device
d. bag - mask device with oxygen reservoir and supplemental oxygen

1. when a person goes ________ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is very likely.

a. 0 to 4
b. 4 to 6
c. 6 to 10
d. more than 10

Explanation:

1. Diminished breath sounds can indicate inadequate breathing. A normal respiratory rate for an adult is 12 - 20 breaths/min, so 18 is normal. Equal chest expansion and warm, pink skin are signs of normal breathing.
2. The brainstem increases respirations when carbon - dioxide levels increase to expel the excess CO2.
3. An intact gag reflex is a contraindication for an oropharyngeal airway as it may trigger vomiting and aspiration.
4. The proper way to size an oropharyngeal airway is to measure from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe or angle of the jaw.
5. When a single EMT uses a bag - mask device, maintaining an airtight mask seal is a common problem.
6. When ventilating with a bag - mask device, look for rise and fall of the chest to ensure effective ventilation.
7. Suctioning the oral cavity before positive pressure ventilation when the airway is not clear helps reduce the risk of aspiration of secretions into the lungs.
8. The bag - mask device with oxygen reservoir and supplemental oxygen is the most common method of assisting ventilations in the field.
9. Brain damage is very likely when a person goes 4 to 6 minutes without oxygen.

Answer:

1. B. Diminished breath sounds
2. A. carbon dioxide levels increase
3. A. Intact gag reflex
4. D. the corner of the mouth to the earlobe or angle of the jaw
5. D. Maintaining an airtight mask seal
6. C. look for rise and fall of the chest
7. C. helps reduce the risk of aspiration
8. D. Bag - mask device with oxygen reservoir and supplemental oxygen
9. B. 4 to 6