Question

section review 2.8

1. list the two main kinds of root systems.
2. what kind of plant reproduction occurs when a root, stem, or leaf produces a new plant?
3. what kind of growth occurs at the tip of a root?
4. name the inner portion of the root that consists of storage cells.
5. what is the name for the layer of cells that makes it possible for a woody dicot root to grow in diameter?
6. in what direction does osmosis occur?
7. name the two types of tissue that make up a plant’s transport system and describe how they differ.
8. what term is used to describe the evaporation of water from plant leaves?

Explanation:

1. The two main root systems are taproot systems and fibrous root systems. Taproot systems have a main, large root with smaller lateral roots, while fibrous root systems consist of many small, similar - sized roots.
2. Vegetative reproduction occurs when a root, stem, or leaf produces a new plant. It is a form of asexual reproduction.
3. Primary growth occurs at the tip of a root. This is due to the activity of the apical meristem, which allows the root to grow in length.
4. The inner portion of the root that consists of storage cells is the cortex in some plants, but in many cases, the pith can also store substances. In dicot roots, the pith is often small or absent, and the cortex can be important for storage.
5. The vascular cambium is the layer of cells that makes it possible for a woody dicot root to grow in diameter. It produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
6. Osmosis occurs from an area of higher water potential (lower solute concentration) to an area of lower water potential (higher solute concentration).
7. The two types of tissue in a plant's transport system are xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, and its cells are dead at maturity. Phloem transports organic nutrients (such as sugars) throughout the plant, and its cells are living at maturity.
8. Transpiration is the term used to describe the evaporation of water from plant leaves.

Answer:

1. Taproot systems, Fibrous root systems
2. Vegetative reproduction
3. Primary growth
4. Cortex (or pith in some cases)
5. Vascular cambium
6. From an area of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential
7. Xylem: Transports water and minerals, cells are dead at maturity; Phloem: Transports organic nutrients, cells are living at maturity
8. Transpiration