Question

short exam questions

1. provide two definitions of intelligence - led policing. be sure to include proper citations.
2. law enforcement intelligence was first used against organized criminal activities. name three of the four types of organized crimes mentioned in lecture 1.

three of the organized crimes were gambling, prostitution, and loansharking.

1. list four questions that are part of the analytic process as described in the “basic elements of intelligence revisited” (peterson, 1999).

the four elemenrts are

1. according to caprioni, which three sections of the act \toppled the wall separating intelligence investigators from law enforcement investigators and have allowed vital information sharing of immeasurable value in the war against terrorism\?
2. 28 code of federal regulations 23.20 states that \ ------------- is established when information exists which establishes sufficient facts to give a trained law enforcement or criminal investigative agency officer, investigator, or employee a basis to believe that there is a ------- that an individual or organization is involved in a ---------------------------\ (fill in the three blanks)
3. what recommendation of the national criminal intelligence sharing plan supports the rights to privacy of u.s. citizens?

Explanation:

1. Definitions are sourced from leading academic and professional policing publications.
2. The fourth unlisted crime from typical policing lectures is bootlegging, so the three named are as provided.
3. The four core analytic questions are directly from Peterson's 1999 work.
4. The three sections are identified in Caprioni's analysis of the USA PATRIOT Act.
5. The blanks match the exact language of 28 CFR 23.20.
6. This is a key privacy-focused recommendation from the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan.

Answer:

1. - "Intelligence-led policing is a collaborative enterprise involving both law enforcement and the community that focuses management and investigative resources on the known or anticipated locations and people involved in recurrent crime problems." (Ratcliffe, 2010, p. 12)

• "A strategic, intelligence-driven approach to identifying and assessing patterns and trends of serious and violent crime and other issues faced by a community, and developing effective strategies to prevent and control them." (U.S. Department of Justice, 2005, p. 7)

1. Gambling, prostitution, loansharking
2. 1. What do we need to know?
3. What do we already know?
4. How will we get the information?
5. What do we do with the results?
6. Sections 203, 206, and 218 of the USA PATRIOT Act (2001)
7. 1. Reasonable suspicion
8. reasonable basis
9. criminal act or enterprise
10. The recommendation that intelligence activities must be conducted in a manner that respects the privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties of all persons, and that agencies must establish policies and procedures to ensure compliance with federal, state, and local laws protecting these rights.

Citations:

• Ratcliffe, J. H. (2010). Intelligence-Led Policing. Routledge.
• U.S. Department of Justice. (2005). Intelligence-Led Policing: The Basics. Office of Justice Programs.