Question

small microorganisms called endophytes protect plants from insects by ______.
a. filling the air with spores that infect insects
b. forming a protective layer on the plants surface to protect it from insects
c. growing inside the plant and protecting it from insects
d. all of the above

Explanation:

Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside plants (endophytic means within the plant). Option a is incorrect as endophytes don't release spores to infect insects in this way. Option b is incorrect as they don't form a surface layer; they live inside the plant. Option c correctly describes endophytes: they grow inside the plant and can protect it from insects (e.g., by producing compounds that deter insects or are toxic to them).

Answer:

c. growing inside the plant and protecting it from insects