Question

in a study, the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals was explored. four life - sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar lions whose manes varied by length (long or short) and color (blonde or dark). the female lions were observed to see whether they approached each of the four life - sized dummies. complete parts (a) through (e) below.

a. identify the experimental units. choose the correct answer below.

the mane lengths
the male dummies
the mane colors
the female lions

b. identify the response variable. choose the correct answer below.

a. whether or not (yes or no) the mane color affected how the female lions reacted to a male dummy.

b. whether or not (yes or no) the mane length affected how the female lions reacted to a male dummy.

c. whether or not (yes or no) the female lions approached the same dummies.

d. whether or not (yes or no) the female lions approached a male dummy.

Explanation:

Part (a)

Experimental units are the entities on which the experiment is performed. Here, the study observes female lions' approach to male dummies, so the experimental units are the female lions. Mane lengths/colors are factors, male dummies are treatments' carriers, not units.

The response variable is what's measured/observed. The study observes if female lions approached a male dummy. Option A/B focus on mane effects (explanatory), C on same dummies (not measured), D matches the observation.

Answer:

The female lions

Part (b)