topic 6 review questions the world between the wars (1910 - 1939) answer the questions below using the information in the lesson summaries on the previous pages. lesson 1: revolution and nationalism in latin america 1. what was the pri, and what was its impact on mexico? 2. identify causes and effects what were two effects of united states involvement in latin america? lesson 2: nationalist movements in africa and the middle east 3. what was the négritude movement? 4. identify causes and effects what was one effect of the balfour declaration? lesson 3: india seeks self rule 5. what had gandhi done before becoming a leader for indian independence? 6. identify causes and effects what caused the amritsar massacre? what effect did it have on the independence movement? lesson 4: new forces in china and japan 7. what group of people spearheaded the may fourth movement? 8. recognize multiple causes why did chinese peasants support the communists?

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To answer these questions, we'll use the information from the lesson summaries (not provided here, but based on typical world history content for this time period):

### Question 1: What was the PRI, and what was its impact on Mexico?
# Brief Explanations:
The PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) was a dominant political party in Mexico. It provided political stability, promoted economic development (e.g., land reforms, industrialization), but also faced criticism for authoritarianism and corruption over time.
# Answer:
The PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) was a Mexican political party that dominated Mexican politics for decades. Its impact included stabilizing the country after revolution, implementing social reforms (like land redistribution), promoting industrial growth, but also being accused of authoritarianism and limiting political competition.

### Question 2: What were two effects of U.S. involvement in Latin America?
# Brief Explanations:
U.S. involvement (e.g., economic influence, military interventions) led to economic dependency (Latin American economies tied to U.S. markets) and political instability (support for authoritarian regimes to protect U.S. interests), or alternatively, modernization of infrastructure but at the cost of local sovereignty.
# Answer:
1. Economic dependency: Latin American economies became tied to U.S. markets, limiting local economic autonomy.
2. Political instability: U.S. support for authoritarian regimes (to protect business interests) undermined democratic governance in some nations.

### Question 3: What was the négritude movement?
# Brief Explanations:
The négritude movement was a cultural/political movement led by Black intellectuals (e.g., Aimé Césaire, Léopold Senghor) that celebrated Black identity, heritage, and culture, rejecting colonial racism and promoting Pan-African solidarity.
# Answer:
The négritude movement was a cultural and political movement among Black African and Caribbean intellectuals. It celebrated Black identity, heritage, and culture, rejected colonial racial oppression, and fostered Pan - African pride and solidarity.

### Question 4: What was one effect of the Balfour Declaration?
# Brief Explanations:
The Balfour Declaration (1917) supported a “Jewish national home” in Palestine. This fueled Jewish immigration to Palestine, increased tensions with Arab populations, and laid groundwork for the Israeli - Palestinian conflict.
# Answer:
One effect was increased Jewish immigration to Palestine, which heightened tensions with Palestinian Arabs and contributed to the long - term Israeli - Palestinian conflict.

### Question 5: What had Gandhi done before leading Indian independence?
# Brief Explanations:
Gandhi practiced law in South Africa, where he developed his philosophy of satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) while fighting racial discrimination. He organized protests for Indian rights in South Africa.
# Answer:
Before leading Indian independence, Gandhi worked as a lawyer in South Africa, where he fought racial discrimination against Indians. He developed his philosophy of nonviolent resistance (satyagraha) and organized protests for Indian civil rights.

### Question 6: What caused the Amritsar massacre? What effect did it have on the independence movement?
# Brief Explanations:
Cause: British troops (under General Dyer) fired on a peaceful gathering of Indians in Amritsar (Jallianwala Bagh) after martial law was imposed, fearing a rebellion.
Effect: It radicalized the Indian independence movement, turning many moderates toward supporting full independence and increasing anti - British sentiment.
# Answer:
- **Cause**: The Amritsar massacre was caused by British General Dyer’s order to fire on a peaceful crowd of Indians gathered in Jallianwala Bagh (Amritsar) during martial law, as he feared a rebellion.
- **Effect**: It radicalized the Indian independence movement, increasing anti - British sentiment and convincing many Indians (including moderates) that full independence from British rule was necessary.

### Question 7: What group spearheaded the May Fourth Movement?
# Brief Explanations:
The May Fourth Movement was spearheaded by Chinese students and intellectuals, protesting against foreign imperialism (especially Japanese) and traditional Chinese culture, advocating for Western - style democracy and science.
# Answer:
Chinese students and intellectuals spearheaded the May Fourth Movement.

### Question 8: Why did Chinese peasants support the Communists?
# Brief Explanations:
The Communists promised land reform (redistributing land to peasants), reduced taxes, and protection from warlords/landlords. Peasants, oppressed by feudal landlords and warlord violence, saw the Communists as champions of their economic and social interests.
# Answer:
Chinese peasants supported the Communists because the Communists promised (and implemented) land reform (redistributing land to peasants), reduced taxes, and protected them from oppressive warlords and landlords. The Communists addressed peasants’ economic hardships and offered a vision of social equality.

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Explanation:

Question 1: What was the PRI, and what was its impact on Mexico?

Answer:

Question 2: What were two effects of U.S. involvement in Latin America?