unit 3 part 1 review
articles of confederation, constitutional convention, constitution
articles of confederation
1. who was allowed to vote?
2. what fraction of the states needed to agree for congress to make money decisions?
3. what fraction of the states needed to agree for congress to make changes to the articles?
4. what were some strengths and weaknesses of the articles of confederation?
constitutional convention
1. why was there a constitutional convention? (why did the 13 states need to meet?)
2. describe the virginia and new jersey plans. how did the delegates resolve the problem with these plans?
3. what was the 3/5th compromise?
4. describe the anti - federalists.

Question

Accepted Answer

### Articles of Confederation
1. **Brief Explanations**: Under the Articles of Confederation, voting rights for the national (Continental) Congress were held by state legislatures, and within states, typically only white male property - owners (varies by state) could vote. So the answer depends on the level (state or national). For national vote (Congress), each state's delegation voted as a unit, with state legislatures choosing their delegates, and at the state level, it was often white male property - owners.
   # Answer: At the national (Continental Congress) level, state delegations voted (state legislatures chose delegates); at the state level, typically white male property - owners (varied by state).
2. **Brief Explanations**: To make money - related decisions (like issuing currency, borrowing money), Congress needed the agreement of $\frac{9}{13}$ of the states (since there were 13 states under the Articles).
   # Answer: $\frac{9}{13}$
3. **Brief Explanations**: To make changes (amend) the Articles of Confederation, a unanimous vote (all 13 states, so the fraction is $\frac{13}{13}$ or 1) was required.
   # Answer: $\frac{13}{13}$ (unanimous, all 13 states)
4. **Brief Explanations**:
   - **Strengths**: It was the first national government framework for the U.S., allowed for the settlement of the Northwest Territory (via the Northwest Ordinance), and kept the states united during the Revolutionary War.
   - **Weaknesses**: Congress had no power to tax, regulate trade, or enforce laws. There was no executive or judicial branch. States had one vote each in Congress regardless of size, and amending the Articles was nearly impossible (required unanimous consent).
   # Answer: Strengths: First national govt framework, NW Territory settlement, kept states united in Revolution. Weaknesses: No tax/trade/enforcement power, no executive/judicial, equal state vote, hard to amend.

### Constitutional Convention
1. **Brief Explanations**: The Constitutional Convention was called because the Articles of Confederation were too weak. The national government couldn't solve problems like trade disputes between states, inability to pay debts, and lack of a strong central authority. The 13 states met to revise the Articles (though they ended up creating a new Constitution) to create a stronger national government.
   # Answer: The Articles of Confederation were too weak (couldn't tax, regulate trade, enforce laws, pay debts, resolve state disputes). States met to revise the Articles (created new Constitution) for a stronger govt.
2. **Brief Explanations**:
   - **Virginia Plan**: Proposed a bicameral legislature with representation based on state population (favored large states).
   - **New Jersey Plan**: Proposed a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state (favored small states).
   - **Resolution (Great Compromise)**: Created a bicameral legislature. The House of Representatives has representation based on population (Virginia Plan - like), and the Senate has equal representation (2 senators per state, New Jersey Plan - like).
   # Answer: Virginia Plan: Bicameral, population - based. New Jersey Plan: Unicameral, equal state vote. Great Compromise: Bicameral (House: population, Senate: equal state vote).
3. **Brief Explanations**: The Three - Fifths Compromise was an agreement that counted three - fifths of the slave population for the purposes of both apportioning representatives in the House of Representatives and direct taxation. It was a compromise between the North (which didn't want slaves counted for representation) and the South (which wanted slaves counted for more representation).
   # Answer: Counted 3/5 of slave population for House representation and direct taxation.
4. **Brief Explanations**: Anti - Federalists were people who opposed the ratification of the Constitution. They feared a strong central government would be too powerful (like British tyranny), wanted more power for states, and demanded a Bill of Rights to protect individual liberties (since the Constitution initially had none).
   # Answer: Opposed Constitution ratification, feared strong central govt (tyranny), wanted state power, demanded Bill of Rights.

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Articles of Confederation

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