Question

use vocabulary
1 distinguish between transcription and translation.

Explanation:

Transcription (in biology, e.g., DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein) are key in gene expression. Transcription: DNA's genetic info is copied to mRNA (occurs in nucleus, uses DNA as template, enzyme - RNA polymerase). Translation: mRNA's code is used to build a polypeptide chain (occurs in ribosomes, tRNA brings amino acids, ribosome catalyzes). In linguistics, transcription is writing speech sounds (e.g., phonetic/phonemic), translation is converting text between languages. The context here (vocabulary use, maybe biology or linguistics) - if biology, focus on gene expression; if linguistics, on language/sound representation.

Answer:

• Transcription:
• In biology (gene expression): The process where the information in a DNA strand is copied into a complementary RNA (usually mRNA) strand. It occurs in the nucleus (in eukaryotes), with DNA as the template, and is catalyzed by RNA polymerase. The base - pairing rules are followed (A - U, T - A, G - C, C - G, since RNA has uracil instead of thymine).
• In linguistics: The act of representing speech sounds (phonetic or phonemic) using a written system, e.g., transcribing the pronunciation of a word.
• Translation:
• In biology (gene expression): The process where the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to synthesize a specific sequence of amino acids (a polypeptide chain, which folds into a protein). It occurs at ribosomes, with tRNA molecules bringing the appropriate amino acids based on the codons (three - nucleotide sequences) in mRNA.
• In linguistics: The process of converting text from one language to another while preserving its meaning, e.g., translating a French novel into English.