Question

using numbers, data, or words that can be proven true or false *

pathos
rhetorical appeals
logos
ethos

incorrectly thinking that one thing leads to another *

false cause and effect fallacy
circular reasoning fallacy
name - calling fallacy
option a

the reason a writer writes (to inform, to persuade, to entertain, to explain, to describe)

claim
purpose
diction
bias

a rhetorical appeal to the audiences emotions, often created using personal anecdotes and loaded language

Explanation:

1. Using evidence, data, or words that can be proven true or false is related to logos. Logos is an appeal to logic in rhetoric, relying on facts and reasoning.
2. Incorrectly thinking that one thing leads to another is the false - cause and effect fallacy. It misidentifies a causal relationship where there may not be one.
3. The reason a writer writes (to inform, persuade, etc.) is the purpose. It defines the goal of the writing.
4. A rhetorical appeal to the audience's emotions, often using personal anecdotes and loaded language, is pathos. It aims to evoke feelings in the audience.

Answer:

1. logos
2. false cause and effect fallacy
3. purpose
4. pathos