Question

a variable is a variable that has an effect on a study even though it is neither an explanatory nor a response variable.
options:
explanatory
response
lurking

Explanation:

A lurking variable is defined as a variable that influences a study but is not classified as an explanatory (predictor) or response (outcome) variable, matching the given definition. Explanatory variables are the ones manipulated or tested to explain changes, while response variables are the measured outcomes, so they do not fit the description.

Answer:

lurking