Question

village governance in south asia
“villages also had ways to govern themselves. these local governments were usually village councils... controlled things like planting schedules, crop rotation, maintenance of irrigation systems, and the use of woods, pastures, or other lands held in common by the village.”
4 multiple choice 1 point
the description above most directly illustrates which characteristic of political life in south asia during 1200 - 1450?
the persistence of decentralized governance alongside larger states
the dominance of centralized monarchies with little local autonomy
the complete absence of state control in agrarian societies
the replacement of local councils with islamic sharia courts
5 multiple choice 1 point
which of the following continuities in world history is best illustrated by the role of village councils described above?
the rise of mercantile elites to control land and irrigation
the adoption of nomadic military structures in settled societies
the reliance on kinship - and community - based governance in agricultural societies
the universal use of codified legal systems

Explanation:

For question 4, the text shows villages had self - governance through village councils while existing alongside larger states, indicating decentralized governance. For question 5, village councils relying on community - based control in an agricultural context (managing farming and common lands) best illustrates reliance on kinship - and community - based governance in agricultural societies.

Answer:

1. The persistence of decentralized governance alongside larger states
2. The reliance on kinship - and community - based governance in agricultural societies