Question

way is my arm similar to a chicken wing?
of the time evolution is slow. name something that could cause evolution to happen rapidly.
e two things that could cause many species to become extinct in a short period of time.
_______________________ and _______________________

ame two ways that humans can cause species to become extinct.
_______________________ and _______________________

evolutionary “tree” showing all the different types of organisms branching out, where would you
ut luca? _________________________
what do scientists think luca was? _________________________

1. a) your dna is arranged in structures called _________________________ (you have 46)

b) small segments of the previous answer are called _________________________
c) the previous answer gives a code for the production of _________________________ in the ribosomes
of your cells which give you your traits (made of huge chains of amino acids)

1. what do scientists think is our closest genetic relative? _________________________
2. so basically, the answer to the essential question for this topic is...

there are mistakes made when copying dna that are called _________________________. if these make an
organism less fit, they usually go away because the organism dies. however, if they make an organism
more fit, they are called adaptations and are passed on because the organism will live longer and make
more babies. this is what darwin called _________________________. over time, these
adaptations can lead to a population of organisms becoming an entirely different _________________________
because they don’t interact or have babies with the original population.
bonus: the answer is... a dividing cell can make an error when copying dna or when an organism is exposed
to environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals that can damage the cell’s dna.

Explanation:

1. Rapid evolution cause: A sudden environmental shift (like a volcanic eruption) creates strong selection pressure, speeding evolution.
2. Rapid mass extinction causes: Catastrophic events like asteroid impacts and extreme volcanic activity eliminate species quickly.
3. Human-caused extinction: Habitat destruction (clearing forests) removes species' homes; overhunting directly kills species faster than they can reproduce.
4. LUCA on evolutionary tree: LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor) is at the base/root of the tree, as all organisms descend from it. Scientists think LUCA was a simple, single-celled prokaryote (like a primitive bacteria/archaea).
5. DNA structures:

a) DNA is packed into chromosomes (humans have 46 total).
b) Segments of chromosomes that code for traits are genes.
c) Genes code for proteins, which are amino acid chains that express traits, made in ribosomes.

1. Closest genetic relative: Chimpanzees share ~98-99% of human DNA, making them our closest genetic relative.
2. Evolution terms: DNA copying mistakes are mutations. Darwin called the survival/reproduction of fitter organisms natural selection. Accumulated adaptations can lead to new species that cannot interbreed with the original population.

Answer:

1. A sudden, extreme environmental change (e.g., volcanic eruption)
2. Asteroid impact; extreme volcanic activity
3. Habitat destruction; overhunting/overexploitation
4. At the root/base of the evolutionary tree; a simple, single-celled prokaryotic organism
5. a) chromosomes

b) genes
c) proteins

1. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
2. mutations; natural selection; species