Question

1. what are the 4 components that make up a state? - population - territory - government - sovereignty 2. define democracy. government by the people, where citizens have power through voting. summarize each philosophers political philosophy: (what are they best known for, what was the name of book/essay, how did their ideas shape our current government) 3. thomas hobbes believed in natural rights (life, liberty, property) government protects rights ideas shaped democracy. 4. john locke 5. charles montesquieu 6. jean - jacques rousseau explain the importance of: 7. the magna carta (1215) 8. petition of rights (1628) 9. english bill of rights (1689)

Explanation:

1. Thomas Hobbes is best - known for his social contract theory. His book is Leviathan. He believed in a strong central government to protect people from the chaos of the state of nature. His ideas influenced the concept of a powerful sovereign.
2. John Locke is known for his theory of natural rights (life, liberty, and property). His work Two Treatises of Government had a major impact. His ideas about limited government and the right of revolution shaped modern democratic governments.
3. Charles Montesquieu is famous for his theory of separation of powers (legislative, executive, and judicial). His book The Spirit of the Laws influenced the structure of modern governments to prevent the abuse of power.
4. Jean - Jacques Rousseau is known for his general will concept and social contract theory. His work The Social Contract emphasized the idea of popular sovereignty and had a significant impact on democratic and revolutionary thought.
5. The Magna Carta (1215) was important as it limited the power of the king, established the principle that the king was subject to the law, and laid the foundation for the rule of law and individual rights in England and later in other countries.
6. The Petition of Rights (1628) was significant as it further restricted the king's power, especially in areas like taxation without Parliament's consent and illegal imprisonment, strengthening the rights of the people and the power of Parliament.
7. The English Bill of Rights (1689) established the supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy, guaranteed certain rights to the people such as free speech in Parliament, and helped to create a constitutional monarchy in England, influencing the development of democratic institutions.

Answer:

1. Best known for social contract theory, Leviathan, influenced powerful sovereign concept.
2. Known for natural rights theory, Two Treatises of Government, shaped limited government and right of revolution ideas.
3. Famous for separation of powers theory, The Spirit of the Laws, influenced government structure to prevent power - abuse.
4. Known for general will and social contract theory, The Social Contract, influenced popular sovereignty and democratic thought.
5. Limited king's power, established rule of law principle, foundation for individual rights.
6. Restricted king's power further, strengthened people's rights and Parliament's power.
7. Established Parliament's supremacy, guaranteed people's rights, helped create constitutional monarchy.