Question

what constitutional principle prevents the tyranny that james madison describes in the quotation below from taking place?
\the accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny.\ - james madison, the federalist no. 47, 1788
a popular sovereignty
b separation of powers
c federalism
d judicial review

Explanation:

James Madison's quote in Federalist No. 47 warns against concentrating legislative, executive, and judicial powers, which is directly addressed by the separation of powers principle—this principle splits government authority across the three distinct branches to prevent tyrannical concentration of power. Popular sovereignty focuses on people as the source of power, federalism splits power between national and state governments, and judicial review is the courts' power to review laws, none of which match the quote's focus.

Answer:

B. separation of powers