Question

what distinguishes the rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) from the smooth er? a the smooth er is involved in protein synthesis, while the rough er is not. b the rough er has ribosomes attached, while the smooth er does not. c the rough er synthesizes lipids, while the smooth er synthesizes proteins. d the rough er stores dna, while the smooth er does not. what function do vacuoles serve in plant cells? a synthesizing proteins. b storing water, nutrients, and waste. c breaking down cellular waste. d generating atp. what is the primary function of vesicles within a cell? a transporting materials between organelles. b storing genetic information. c synthesizing proteins and lipids. d providing structural support. which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? a mitochondria. b lysosomes. c golgi apparatus. d nucleus. what is the primary function of the cell membrane in a eukaryotic cell? a synthesizing proteins.

Explanation:

1. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes attached to its surface, which is what makes it "rough", while the smooth ER lacks ribosomes. Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes attached to the rough ER, not the smooth ER. Lipid synthesis occurs in the smooth ER. DNA is stored in the nucleus, not in the ER.
2. In plant cells, vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste products. Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes. Breaking down cellular waste is a function of lysosomes. Generating ATP is mainly the function of mitochondria.
3. Vesicles primarily transport materials between organelles within a cell. Storing genetic information is the function of DNA in the nucleus. Protein and lipid synthesis occurs in the ER and ribosomes. Providing structural support is a function of the cytoskeleton.
4. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate ATP through cellular respiration. Lysosomes break down waste. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material.
5. The primary function of the cell - membrane in a eukaryotic cell is to regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell (selective permeability), not protein synthesis.

Answer:

1. b. The rough ER has ribosomes attached, while the smooth ER does not.
2. b. Storing water, nutrients, and waste
3. a. Transporting materials between organelles
4. a. Mitochondria
5. (No options provided for the fifth question, but its main function is regulating substance movement)