Question

1. what is the function of a buffer, such as bicarbon - ate ions in the blood?
2. what does the ph scale measure?
3. what property of water molecules allows water to dissolve many substances?
4. what is the difference between the solute and solvent? give an example.
5. why is water essential to all living things?

2.3 carbon compounds
bi01.ls1.2, bi01.ls1.5

1. carbohydrates may form larger carbon - based macromolecules by combining with which elements?

a. sodium, potassium, nitrogen
b. nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
c. potassium, sodium, sulfur
d. silicon, phosphorus, sodium

1. which type of macromolecule stores genetic information?

a. carbohydrates
b. proteins
c. lipids
d. nucleic acids

1. which type of macromolecule regulates cell processes or transports material into and out of cells?

a. carbohydrates
b. proteins
c. lipids
d. nucleic acids

1. what is the relationship between monomers and a polymer?
2. what are three major roles of proteins?
3. what is the general structure of an amino acid?
4. describe the parts of a nucleotide.

Explanation:

1. Buffers like bicarbonate ions in blood resist pH changes to maintain homeostasis.
2. The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
3. The polarity of water molecules allows it to dissolve many substances as it can form hydrogen - bonds with them.
4. The solute is the substance being dissolved, and the solvent is the substance doing the dissolving. For example, in salt - water, salt is the solute and water is the solvent.
5. Water is essential for living things as it is a solvent for biochemical reactions, helps in temperature regulation, and is a major component of cells.
6. Carbohydrates can form larger carbon - based macromolecules by combining with nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus. So the answer is b.
7. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) store genetic information. So the answer is d.
8. Proteins regulate cell processes or transport material into and out of cells. So the answer is b.
9. Monomers are the building blocks of polymers. Polymers are made by linking multiple monomers together through chemical bonds.
10. Three major roles of proteins are: structural support (e.g., collagen in connective tissues), enzyme - catalysis (e.g., amylase in digestion), and transport (e.g., hemoglobin in transporting oxygen).
11. An amino acid has a general structure consisting of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable R - group attached to a central carbon atom.
12. A nucleotide has three parts: a nitrogen - containing base, a five - carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.

Answer:

1. Resist pH changes to maintain homeostasis.
2. Concentration of hydrogen ions.
3. Polarity.
4. Solute: substance being dissolved; Solvent: substance doing the dissolving. Example: salt (solute) in water (solvent).
5. Solvent for biochemical reactions, temperature regulation, major cell component.
6. b. nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
7. d. nucleic acids
8. b. proteins
9. Monomers are building blocks of polymers.
10. Structural support, enzyme - catalysis, transport.
11. Amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, variable R - group attached to central carbon.
12. Nitrogen - containing base, five - carbon sugar, phosphate group.