Question

9 what function does mathematics serve in astronomy?
provides a way to measure objects and characteristics
provides images for the purpose of observation
locates and develops energy and mineral resources
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Explanation:

Mathematics is used to measure astronomical objects and their characteristics like distances, sizes, and motions. It doesn't provide images (that's for telescopes etc.), nor does it locate and develop energy and mineral resources (that's geology - related in some contexts).

Answer:

Provides a way to measure objects and characteristics